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An Sc 325 > The Skin > Flashcards

The Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Elements of skin unique to horse?

A

Chestnut, ergot, hooves

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2
Q

What are the chestnut and ergot?

A

Chestnut = remnant of first digit
Ergot = horny tissue on palmar/plantar aspect of fetlocks, remnant of 5h digit

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3
Q

Primary functions of integument?

A

Protection from trauma
Temperature regulation
Thermoregulation (insulation, sweat)
Shedding/replacement

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4
Q

What examinations might be done during a skin exam?

A

Physical exam
Scraping
Culture
Biospy
Intradermal skin testing

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5
Q

Bacterial infections occuring in wet conditions, affects horses back/top of hindquarters…

A

Rain rot

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6
Q

What is the agent of rain rot?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

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7
Q

How do we diagnose rain rot?

A

Thick crust, matted hair
Culture

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8
Q

How do we treat rain rot

A

Dry it
Grooming
Antiseptic shampoo
Antiseptic spray
Antimicrobials (penicillin)

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9
Q

Seriousness/complications of rain rot?

A

Will resolve without complications
No complications

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10
Q

Raised, circular swellings (wheals) that progress to hair loss and the development of crusts and scales…

A

Ringworm

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11
Q

There are many species of ringworm, and the cow specific one is not a threat to horses or humans (T/F)

A

False; horses/humans can get the cow form

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12
Q

Which horses will most likely have ringworm

A

Young, debilitated, immunocompromised (do not recover as quick)

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13
Q

How is ringworm diagnosed?

A

Appearance, culture

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14
Q

How is ringworm treated?

A

Resolve on own
Antifungal shampoo
Disinfect environment

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15
Q

How serious / complications of ringworm

A

Resolve without difficulty
It can spread
Zoonotic!

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16
Q

Lesions on palmar plantar pastern area that range from crusts and ulcerations of the skin to extreme inflammation with reddening/swelling…

A

Pastern Dermatitis (Mud Fever, Scratches, Grease heel)

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17
Q

Etiology of pastern dermatitis?

A

Bacteria, fungi, parasites
Wetness
White limbs?

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18
Q

How do we diagnose pastern dermatitis

A

Clinical appearance
Scrapings, culture, biopsy

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19
Q

How do we treat pastern dermatitis

A

Antimicrobial scrubs/ointments
Anti-inflammatories
Clip hair
Keep dry

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20
Q

Serious/complications of pastern dermatitis?

A

Painful/swollen, difficult to treat, may recur
Comp = swollen limbs

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21
Q

Viral condition causing gray or pink growths on muzzle, nose, mouth of young horse

A

Warts

22
Q

Etiologic agent of warts?

A

Papillomavirus

23
Q

Diagnosis, treatment, complications of warts?

A

Diagnose = appearance
Treat = self-limiting (3-4 months), crush to stimulate immune response
No complications

24
Q

Small, raised white spots inside ear that may coalesce

A

Aural plaques

25
Q

Diagnosis, treatment of aural plaques

A

Appearance and location
No treatment/complications

26
Q

Intensely itchy horse that scratches until hair loss, scaling and crusting. Mane, tail and belly commonly affected..

A

Insect hypersensitivity (allergy)

27
Q

How do we diagnose insect hypersensitivity

A

Seasonal (spring/summer), allergy testing

28
Q

How do we treat insect hypersenstivity

A

Fly control
Avoid turn out at dusk/dawn
Remove standing water
SAIDs
Antibiotic ointment
Allergy shot (hyposensitization)

29
Q

Serious/complications of insect hypersensitivity

A

Difficult, frustrating
Secondary bacterial infections, trauma

30
Q

Skin tumour common in gray horses/arabians

A

Melanoma

31
Q

What is melanoma

A

Skin tumour that arises from dark skin pigment cells called melanocytes

32
Q

How do we diagnose melanomas

A

Appearance
Cytology, biopsy

33
Q

How do we treat melanomas

A

Unnecessary is small, slow-growing, non-sensitive area
Surgery
Cryosurgery
Topical cauterizing agent
Vaccine into tumour

34
Q

How serious are melanomas

A

Small not a concern
If they grow/become ulcerated can be significant

35
Q

Complications of melanomas

A

75% occur in skin, but can metastasize and lead to organ failure/death

36
Q

one of the most common skin tumours seen in horses

A

Sarcoid

37
Q

Where do most sarcoid tumours occur

A

Head/ears

38
Q

Agent of sarcoid?

A

Bovine papilloma virus

39
Q

What type of horse is likely to have sarcoid

A

Under age of 7
Common in: donkeys, mules, appys, arabians, QH

40
Q

Four forms of sarcoid:

A

Occult (flat)
Verrucous (warty)
Fibroblastic
Mixed verrucous-fibroblastic

41
Q

What type of sarcoid will grow rapidly and ulcerate/bleed

A

Fibroblastic

42
Q

How is sarcoid diagnosed? Downside of one of the methods?

A

Appearance
Biopsy (stimulate the tumour to transform into more aggressive fibroblastic type)

43
Q

How are occult and verrucous sarcoids treated

A

May not be recommended if stable/slow growing (might transform into fibroblastic)

44
Q

Treatment for fibroblastic sarcoids?

A

Frustrating
Surgery common
Cauterizing agents
INJECT WITH IMMUNOCIDIN (immune system modulator)

45
Q

How serious is sarcoids? Complications?

A

Don’t metastasize but can be locally agressive & uncomfortable (girth)

Complications with removal of large, agressive tumours

46
Q

One of the most common reasons to examine the skin is…

A

trauma

47
Q

How is trauma diagnosed?

A

History
Exam
Bone involved = radiograph

48
Q

How is trauma treated

A

Depends
Cleaning, flushing, suturing (NOT punctures)
NSAIDs
Antimicrobials
Bandages, splints/casts

49
Q

How serious is trauma

A

Mild to life threatening

50
Q

Three main complications of trauma…

A
  1. Infection (won’t heal, infected joint/tendon sheath = life threatening)
  2. Tissue death (delayed treatment of large wound, blood supply compromised = dead skin/tissue)
  3. Proud flesh (excessive granulation tissue prevents skin from closing over)
51
Q

Technical term for itchy

A

Pruritic

An Sc 325 (24 decks)

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