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anatomy exam 3 > Lecture 19 - Special Senses: Eye > Flashcards

Lecture 19 - Special Senses: Eye Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 tunics of the eye

A

fibrous

vascular

neural

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2
Q

fibrous tunic is the ___ layer

A

outermost

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3
Q

what are associated in the fibrous tunic

A

sclera and cornea

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4
Q
  1. sclera = ___
  2. attachment site for ___ eye muscles
A
  1. dense connective tissue

white part of the eye

  1. extrinsic
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5
Q

cornea =

what does it do

A

transparent bulge on anterior surface

bulge refracts light before it hits lends for us to be able to pass it through to focus

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6
Q

areas found in the vascular tunic (6)

A

choroid coat

ciliary body

iris

anterior cavity

posterior cavity

suspensory ligament

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7
Q

vascular tunic = ___ layer

A

middle

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8
Q
  1. choroid coat = ___ surface of globe
    a. vascular = helps nourish ___
    b. __ pigmentation absorbed stray light = where light ___
A
  1. inner
    a. retina
    b. black, stops
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9
Q
  1. ciliary body composed of ___ and ___
  2. suspensory ligament of the ___
  3. __ muscle
A
  1. muscle and ligaments
  2. lens
  3. smooth
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10
Q
  1. iris = ___ portion of the eye
  2. muscle contraction controls ___ of pupil which allows light ___
  3. separates the anterior cavity into __ and __ chambers
A
  1. colored
  2. diameter, in
  3. anterior and posterior
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11
Q
  1. anterior CAVITY has 2 chambers anterior to the ___
  2. anterior chamber is anterior to ___
  3. posterior chamber is posterior to ___
  4. what fills the anterior cavity? ___
    a. produced by the ___ process
    b. returned to blood supply via canal of ___
    c. helps control intra ocular ___
A
  1. lens
  2. iris
  3. iris
  4. aqueous humor
    a. ciliary
    b. Schlemm
    c. pressure
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12
Q

in the anterior CAVITY, the posterior and anterior chamber are separated by?

A

the iris

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13
Q

the anterior and posterior CAVITY are separated by

A

the lens

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14
Q

posterior cavity is posterior to __

posture cavity is filled with __

assists sclera in maintaining __ of the eyeball

A

lens

vitreous humor

shape

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15
Q

suspensory ligament

a. composed of __ membranes
b. __ is sandwiched between layers

A

2

lens

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16
Q

glaucoma

  1. circulation of ___ is blocked
  2. increased ___ -> damage to the __ nerve
    a. __ eyes
  3. cornea should bend, if it doesn’t bend it has too much ___ which results in glaucoma
  4. you’ll start to lose ___
A
  1. aqueous humor
  2. pressure, optic
    a. cloudy
  3. pressure
  4. vision
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17
Q

neural tunic part is the

A

retina

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18
Q

retina has 2 parts

  1. posterior __ layer
    a. dark pigmentation absorbs __ light
  2. anterior __ layer
    a. containing __ & ___ & ___
    b. contains __ layers
A
  1. pigmented
    a. stray
  2. neural
    a. neurons, neuroglia, blood vessels
    b. 9
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19
Q

is the eye the nervous system inside out

A

yes

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20
Q

photoreceptor cells contain

A

rods and cones

21
Q

rods: gray scale = __ light

cones = __ vision

A

dim

color

22
Q

absence of any ONE type of cone =

A

color blindness

23
Q

___ (eye) —> ___ (computer) —> ___ (data base)

A

receptor

brain

limbic

24
Q

does all light reach the receptors in the eye

A

no. some reach and some dont

25
Q

macula lutea and the fovea centralis

  1. center of visual axis = ___
  2. contains high concentration of __
  3. spot of sharpest ___
A

focal point

cones

focus

26
Q
  1. optic chiasm is the spot where the eye tract ___
  2. left side of left eye goes to __ side of brain
  3. middles of eyes go to the __ side of brain
    a. right side of left eye goes to the __ side of brain
A
  1. crosses over
  2. left (later sides go out same side)
  3. opposite
    a. right
27
Q

blind spot

  1. point where __ nerve exists the globe
  2. point where blood vessels __/__ the globe
  3. located very close to and just medial of the ___
A
  1. optic
  2. enter/exit
  3. fovea
28
Q

retune subsequently appears to be installed ___

A

backwards

29
Q

clinical implications/mechanical limitations

  1. light receptors (___ and ___) point the __ way
  2. receptors buried behind __ layers
  3. ___ is where axons and blood cellars leave globe
  4. result = ___% of the image is lost
    a. it is __% lighter in this room than what our brains can receive
A
  1. rods and cones
  2. 9
  3. blind spot
  4. 70%
    a. 70%
30
Q

pineal gland

  1. tied to light ___
  2. __ eye
  3. ___ rhythms
A
  1. reception
  2. 3rd
  3. circadian
31
Q
  1. iris (CN_?)
  2. sympathetic stimulation = __ of pupil (letting __ in)
  3. parasympathetic stimulation = ___ of pupil (__)
  4. regulates amount of light that passes to ___
A
  1. CN III (3) (oculomotor)
  2. dilation (light)
  3. contraction (shrinks)
  4. retina
32
Q

ciliary muscle (CN III) = (?)

  1. complicated circular and radial ___
  2. __ reduces tension on ___ ligament
  3. suspensory ligament affects how the lens is __
  4. shape of lens affects where the eye ___
    a. shape changes looking close (gets __)
    b. and far away (gets ___)
A

oculomotor

  1. muscles
  2. contraction, suspensory
  3. stretched
  4. focuses
    a. fat
    b. flat
33
Q

are blood vessels present in the lens

A

no

34
Q

ability to focus on close objects

ciliary muscles ___, ligaments __ and lens ___

A

contract

sag

bulge

35
Q

ability to focus on far objects

ciliary muscles ___, ligaments ___, and lens __

A

relax

tighten

thins (flat)

36
Q

myopia =

A

near sighted

37
Q

hyperopia =

A

far sighted

38
Q

presbyopia (old man sight)

  1. lens proteins become stiffer with __
  2. ability of lens to change ___ slowly
  3. can’t focus on __ objects
A
  1. old age
  2. shape slowly

3 near

39
Q

cataracts = ___ lens

  1. lens becomes ___
  2. focusing becomes patchy across ___
A

abnormal

cloudy

retina

40
Q

muscles that control the eyelids

  1. levator palpebrae superioris = ___
    a. CN __?
  2. orbicularis oculi = ___
    a. CN __?
A
  1. lifts upper eyelid
    a. CN III - ocoulotmor
  2. closes both eyelids
    a. CN VII - facial
41
Q

extrinsic eye muscle: lateral rectus

CN:

Movement:

A

CN = abducens

movement = abduction (move laterally)

SO4LR6

42
Q

extrinsic eye muscle: medial rectus

CN:

Movement:

A

CN = oculomotor

movement = adduction (move medially)

43
Q

extrinsic eye muscle: superior rectus

CN:

Movement:

A

cn = oculomotor

movement = elevation (upward)

44
Q

extrinsic eye muscle: inferior rectus

CN:

Movement:

A

cn = oculomotor

movement = depression (downward)

45
Q

extrinsic eye muscle: superior oblique

CN:

Movement:

A

cn = trochlear

movement = depress/abduction (down and out)

SO4LR6

46
Q

extrinsic eye muscle: inferior oblique

CN:

Movement:

A

cn = oculomotor

movement = elevate/abduction (up and out)

47
Q

NERVES INNERVATE ___

MUSCLES MOVE ___

A

MUSCLES

THINGS

48
Q

accessory structures of the orbit

  1. palpebrae = ___
  2. canthi (medial and lateral canthus) = ___
  3. conjunctiva = single cell layer of skin that covers ___ surface of eye
    a. conjunctivitis = ___
  4. lacrimal gland = superolateral corner of orbit
    a. secretes __ that bathe conjunctiva and cornea
    b. nasal passage is humidified by your ___
  5. lacrimal apparatus
    a. tears are squeezed into ___ with each blink
    b. tears drain through ___ into ___
  6. trochlea = sling of ___ for superior oblique muscle
A
  1. upper and lower eyelids
  2. corners of eyes
  3. anterior
    a. pink eye

4a. tears
4b. eyes

5a. medial canthus
5b. lacrimal puncta into canaliculi

  1. connective tissue
49
Q

tear flow

  1. lacrimal gland
  3. across conjunctiva
  5. lacrimal canaliculi
  7. nasolacrimal duct

8.

A
  1. lacrimal duct
  2. lacrimal puncta
  3. lacrimal sac
  4. inferior nasal meatus

anatomy exam 3 (8 decks)

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