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Earth Science > Chapter 8-10 > Flashcards

Chapter 8-10 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Talus Slopes the result of?

A

Mechanical Weathering

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2
Q

What are rock products of weathering?

A

Quartz, Feldspar, Amphibole,Olivine

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3
Q

What does the A horizon consist of?

A

Organic and Rich Soil

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4
Q

What does the E horizon consist of?

A

mineral Accumulation

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5
Q

What is Spherodical weathering?

A

Rock Decay that turns the rocks more spherical

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6
Q

What does the B horizon consist of?

A

clay and other materials washed down from horizon A

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7
Q

What does the C horizon consist of?

A

Weathered Bedrock

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8
Q

what does the bottom level of soil composition consist of?

A

parents material and bedrock

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9
Q

earth flow

A

When earth material moves down a hillside as a fluid like mass from heavy rain fall. Often has a ripple effect.

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10
Q

What are talus slopes the result of

A

Mechanical Weathering

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11
Q

What type of water is acidic

A

ground water

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12
Q

What can break up limestone

A

hyrochloric acid

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13
Q

What is an example of foliation and weathering

A

Yosemite, which is a giant batholith

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14
Q

What type of weathering is a result of tree sap

A

Chemical Weathering

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15
Q

What does the O horizon consist of?

A

DUFF

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16
Q

slump

A

A type of mass movement that occurs when a mass of material moves down a curved slope. Can develop from slope and can develop onto a landslide the more it lubricates

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17
Q

lahar

A

volcanic mudflow

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18
Q

debris flow

A

from over saturation of land. Made of clay material and can be very violent like a flood.

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19
Q

Rockslide

A

occurs when a mass of rock slides rapidly downslope along planes of weakness

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20
Q

fast mass wasting

A

gravity-induced downslope movement of Earth material that people can witness directly

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21
Q

What is the main feature of a Slump

A

the slip face

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22
Q

What forms from earth flows

A

ridges or ripples

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23
Q

How to fix soil creeps

A

installing retaining walls

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24
Q

What are the three types Erosion

A

Wind, water, ice

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25
Q

What is the most destructive type of erosion

A

water

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26
Q

What are ways that rivers are ranked

A

Drainage area and discharge

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27
Q

What generates all water on earth

A

the water cycle

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28
Q

whats the water cycle

A

evaporation, condensation, precipitation, run off (accumulation)

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29
Q

How much water on Earth is freshwater?

A

4%

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30
Q

How much water on Earth is Saltwater?

A

96%

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31
Q

two types of stream development

A

erosion and deposition

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32
Q

suspended load (lowest)

A

silt

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33
Q

suspended load (2nd lowest)

A

clay

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34
Q

suspended load (2nd Highest)

A

sand

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35
Q

suspended load (highest)

A

gravels

36
Q

suspended load

A

the fine sediment carried within the body of flowing water

37
Q

bedrock stream consists of

A

cobbles, gravels, boulders

38
Q

Where does the bedrock stream often start

A

highland areas

39
Q

where are all rivers try to go

A

sea level/ base level. In the process, little rivers all come together to one rive

40
Q

where do rivers recharge

A

mountains, hills, or areas of high elevation

41
Q

Aquifers

A

a body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater.

42
Q

what are the two types of aquifers

A

confined and unconfined

43
Q

what type of aquifers are typical of river floodplains

A

unconfined

44
Q

What happens to sinkholes as the earth continues to sink?

A

the earth aboves slowly starts to cave in

45
Q

Karst landscape

A

A landscape that is characterized by numerous caves, sinkholes, fissures, and underground streams

46
Q

What happens to a Karst Topography as the stream cuts through it?

A

the water table lowers

47
Q

What are Karst Towers.

A

A type of land that goes unaffected by erosion leaving large tower like structures

48
Q

The principle of Superposition

A

Older rocks are on the bottom and younger ones are at the top

49
Q

what is the basis for relative and absolute dating

A

the principle of superposition

50
Q

What does a rocks thickness help determine

A

How old it is

51
Q

What color indicates that there is a lot of iron in a rock

A

red

52
Q

What is the youngest type of fossils

A

plants and seashells

53
Q

Relative dating

A

fossils, faults, igneous intrusions

54
Q

Absolute Dating

A

atmoic considerations and the half-life of radioactive elements

55
Q

What does Uranium 238 decay into

A

Lead 206

56
Q

What is the half life of Uranium 238

A

4.5 billion years

57
Q

What does Uranium 235 turn into

A

lead 207

58
Q

What is the half life of Uranium 235

A

713 million years

59
Q

What does Thorium 232 decay into

A

lead 208

60
Q

what is the half life of Thorium 232

A

14.1 billion years

61
Q

What does rubidium 87 decay into

A

stronium 87

62
Q

what is the half life of rubidium 87

A

46 billion years

63
Q

whats does potassium 40 decay into

A

Argon 40

64
Q

what is the half life of potassium 40

A

1.3 billion years

65
Q

What is the earliest stage in geological time e

A

Precambrian

66
Q

where did life on earth start

A

mid-ocean ridges

67
Q

what most likely brought proteins to earth

A

asteroids

68
Q

What percentage of the early atmosphere contained oxygen

A

2%

69
Q

characteristics of prokaryotes

A

has no nucleus, has DNA, has flagellum

70
Q

Eubacteria

A

does not need xygen

71
Q

What is the origin of Eukaryotes

A

it starts as a prokaryote with no nucleus, but as bacteria comes in, it turns into a Eukaryote

72
Q

What are the two types of Eukaryotes

A

Plants and Animals

73
Q

What are the two types of Eukaryotes

A

Plants and Animals

74
Q

What era brought an explosion of life

A

Cambrian

75
Q

What was the first animal called

A

pikaia

76
Q

the first cambrian fossil was that

A

trilobite

77
Q

what is our state fossil

A

crinoid

78
Q

how many extinctions occured in history

A

5

79
Q

what saw the start of plant life

A

silurian

80
Q

gymnosperms

A

non flowering plants with uncased seeds

81
Q

Angiosperms

A

flowering plants with enclosed seeds

82
Q

What is the defining factor of the Devonian era

A

fish. lots of fish

83
Q

what did fish originally have that they don’t have now

A

bones

84
Q

how did fish start coming onto land

A

fins started to develop into feet

85
Q

what is the causes of most extinctions

A

volcanoes

86
Q

what was Missouri like in Mississippian times

A

shallow water all throughout the state and center of continent

Earth Science (4 decks)

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