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A&P 1 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

function of skeletal system

A

supports
protects
movement
storage of calcium & fat
hematopoiesis

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2
Q

calcium

A

hormones regulate calcium storage

CT increases storage

PTH reduces stores of calcium

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3
Q

PTH function

A

reduces stores of calcium

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4
Q

fat function

A

stored in cavities of bone

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5
Q

hematopoiesis

A

blood cell formation in red bone marrow

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6
Q

4 (5) major types of bones

A

long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid (round)

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7
Q

example of long bone

A

humerus

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8
Q

example of short bone

A

carpals

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9
Q

example of flat bone

A

frontal

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10
Q

example of irregular bone

A

vertebrae

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11
Q

example of sesamoid bone

A

patella

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12
Q

structure of long bones

A

diaphysis or shaft
medullary cavity
epiphyses
articular cartilage
periosteum
endosteum

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13
Q

structure of flat bones

A

spongy bone between 2 compact bones

diploe

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14
Q

diploe

A

spongy bone layer of flat bone

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15
Q

diaphysis or shaft

A

hollow tube of hard compact bone

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16
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollow area inside diaphysis that contains yellow bone marrow

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17
Q

epiphyses (ends of bone)

A

spongy bone contains red bone marrow

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18
Q

articular layer

A

covers epiphyses

functions as a cushion

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19
Q

periosteum

A

strong membrane covering bone except articular cartilage & bone joints

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20
Q

endosteum

A

thin membrane lining medullary cavity

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21
Q

bone tissue structure

A

cancellous (spongy) bone
compact bone
cartilage

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22
Q

cancellous (spongy) bone

A

trabeculae
epiphyses
red bone marrow

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23
Q

trabeculae

A

needle like threads of bone

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24
Q

compact bone

A

osteon
calcified matrix of concentric lamella
osteocytes , lucunae , canaliculi

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25
Q

concentric lamella

A

calcified matrix in layers or rings

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26
Q

osteocytes

A

bone cells

inactive osteoblasts

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27
Q

chondrocytes

A

cartilage cells

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28
Q

lacunae

A

spaces containing osteocytes

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29
Q

canaliculi

A

tiny tubes

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30
Q

cartilage

A

chondrocytes
gel matrix lacks blood vessels

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31
Q

making & remodeling of bone tissue

A

early bone development (before birth)
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
remodeling

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32
Q

early bone development (before birth)

A

fibrous cartilage structures

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33
Q

osteoblasts

A

form new bone matrix with collagen and calcium

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34
Q

osteoclasts

A

calcium for reabsorption into blood

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35
Q

remodeling

A

making and dissolving bone matrix to adult bone shape

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36
Q

endochondrial ossification

A

cartilage replaced by calcium bones

37
Q

intramembraneous ossification

A

fibrous membranes form plates

fontanels are soft

38
Q

axial skeleton (80)

A

skull
hyoid
vertebral column
thorax

39
Q

skull bones

A

cranium 8
face 14
ear 6
paranasal sinuses

40
Q

paranasal sinuses are in :

A

frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
maxilla

41
Q

vertebral column (spine)

A

vertebra 24
C7
T12
L5
S5
coccyx

42
Q

vertebra are:

A

irregular bones

body, spine, transverse process, vertebral foramen, articular processes

43
Q

atlas and axis

A

first 2 cervical vertebrae form pivoting structure

44
Q

spinal curvatures can:

A

support the body but can be abnormally exaggerated

45
Q

thorax

A

ribs 24
sternum

46
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

upper and lower extremities

47
Q

upper extremity (64)

A

pectoral girdle (shoulder) :
scapula 2
clavicle 2

humerus 2
radius 2
ulna 2

carpal 16
metacarpal 10
phalanges 28

48
Q

lower extremity (62)

A

pelvic girdle (hip)
coxal bone 2

femur 2
patella 2
tibia 2
fibula 2

tarsal 14
metatarsal 10
phalanges 28

49
Q

arch structure of foot

A

provides dynamic support for entire skeleton

50
Q

male and female difference in pelvis

A

male:
larger
deep & narrow

female:
shallow & broad
inlet & angle: wider for baby

51
Q

age difference in skeleton

A

enlarge and more ossified until 25

bones actively remodel in middle adult hood

less dense bones during elderly years

52
Q

environmental factors

A

nutrition effects : bone tissue

mechanical stress, exercise, effects : bone remodeling

53
Q

articulations

A

joint between two or more bones

54
Q

kinds of joints

A

synarthrosis (no movement)
amphiarthroses (slight movement)
diarthroses (free movement)

55
Q

synarthrosis (no movement)

A

fibrous connective tissue between articulating bones

sutures of skull

56
Q

amphiarthroses (slight movement)

A

cartilage connects articulating bones

symphysis pubis

57
Q

diarthroses (free movement)

A

most joints

58
Q

structure of freely moveable joints

A

ligaments hood adjoining bones together for movement

59
Q

articular cartilage

A

covers joint end

60
Q

synovial membrane

A

lines joint capsule & secretes lubricating fluid

61
Q

joint cavity

A

space between joint ends of bones

62
Q

bursa

A

fluid filled pouch absorb shock

63
Q

flexation

A

bending elbow

64
Q

extension

A

straightening elbow

65
Q

abduction

A

moving arm away from midline

66
Q

adduction

A

moving arm to midline

67
Q

rotation example

A

rotate head at neck point

68
Q

circumduction

A

circulate arm

69
Q

hinge joint example

A

elbow joint
knee joint

70
Q

pivot point

A

axis & atlas

radius & ulna

71
Q

saddle joint

A

thumb

72
Q

condyloid joint

A

radius & carpal

73
Q

ball and socket joint

A

hip and shoulder
(shoulder more range of motion)

74
Q

gliding joint

A

vertebra

75
Q

Bone-forming cells are called:

A

osteoblasts

76
Q

These bones form the framework of the hand.

A

metacarpals

77
Q

_______ is among the structures that characterize freely movable joints except

A

tendons

78
Q

The following are functions of bone

A

hematopoiesis
storage
protection
support

79
Q

A strong fibrous membrane covering a long bone except at joint surfaces is the:

A

periosteum

80
Q

Spongy bone is characterized by:

A

open space partially filled by thin bony branches.

81
Q

The main shaftlike portion of a long bone is the:

A

diaphysis

82
Q

An age-related skeletal disease that is characterized by excessive loss of calcified matrix and collagenous fibers from bone is:

A

osteoporosis

83
Q

Most bones of the body are formed from cartilage models in a process called:

A

endochondral ossification

84
Q

The human skeleton system consists of two divisions. They are the:

A

axial and appendicular

85
Q

This bone is the longest bone in the body.

A

femur

86
Q

Synarthrotic joints are:

A

immovable

87
Q

The shoulder joint is an example of a:

A

ball and socket

88
Q

An example of a hinge joint is the:

A

elbow joint

89
Q

The structure of the knee joint permits movements of:

A

flexion and extension

A&P 1 (6 decks)

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