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A&P 1 > chapter 10 > Flashcards

chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

detected by sensory organs that exist as individual cells or receptor units

A

general senses

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2
Q

widely distributed throughout the body

A

general senses

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3
Q

detected by large and complex organs, or localized grouping of sensory receptors

A

special senses

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4
Q

sensory receptor types

A

capsulated / unencapsulated

type of stimuli (mode)

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5
Q

free or naked

A

unencapsulated

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6
Q

presence of covering capsule

A

encapsulated

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7
Q

type of stimuli or mode required to activate receptors

A

photoreceptor
chemoreceptors
pain receptors
thermoreceptors
mechanoreceptors

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8
Q

all sense organs have common functional characteristics

A

detect stimuli

generation of nerve impulse

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9
Q

mode in general senses

A

stimulus or change a receptor/sense is able to detect

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10
Q

examples of general sensory receptors

A

free nerve ending, muscle spindle, organ, corpuscle

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11
Q

pain, discrimintive touch, tickle, temperature

A

free nerve ending

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12
Q

touch and possibly cold

A

bulboid corpuscle (krause end bulb)

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13
Q

pressure and high frequency vibration

A

lamellar corpuscle (pacini)

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14
Q

fine touch & low frequency vibration

A

tactile corpuscle (meissner)

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15
Q

touch and pressure

A

bulbous corpuscle (ruffini)

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16
Q

proprioception (muscle tension)

A

tendon organ (golgi tendon)

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17
Q

propriorception (muscle length)

A

muscle spindle

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18
Q

________ sense organs are also found in deep organs of the body

A

general sense organs

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19
Q

layers of eyeball

A

fibrous layer (outer)
vascular layer
inner layer

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20
Q

outer fibrous layer of eyeball contains

A

sclera
cornea
conjunctiva
lacrimal gland

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21
Q

tough outer coat of eyeball

A

fibrous layer

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22
Q

white of eye

A

sclera

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23
Q

transparent part over iris

A

cornea

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24
Q

mucous membrane that covers front of fibrous layer and extends to eyelids

A

conjunctiva

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25
Q

secretes tears that moisten conjunctiva

A

lacrimal gland

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26
Q

layer of eyeball that has dense network of blood vessels

A

vascular layer

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27
Q

vascular layer of eyeball contains

A

choroid
iris
lens
ciliary muscle

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28
Q

pigmented melanin rich layer prevents scattering of light

A

choroid

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29
Q

colored part of eye, contains pupil, construction/dilation of smooth muscle

A

iris

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30
Q

transparent body behind pupil, focuses or refracts light rays on retina

A

lens

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31
Q

front of vascular layer, edge of iris, contraction effects shape of lens, altering focus

A

ciliary muscle

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32
Q

inner layer of eyeball contains

A

retina

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33
Q

innermost sensory layer of eyeball

A

inner layer

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34
Q

contains various kinds of photoreceptors

A

retina

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35
Q

retina contains these photoreceptors

A

rods
cones
ganglion cells

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36
Q

receptors for night and peripheral vision

A

rods

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37
Q

receptors for day and color vision

A

cones

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38
Q

receptors for changing light patterns of days, months, seasons

A

ganglion cells

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39
Q

2 eye fluids called

A

aqueous humor
vitreous humor

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40
Q

anterior chamber in front of lens

A

aqueous humor

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41
Q

posterior chamber behind lens

A

vitreous humor

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42
Q

The innermost coat of the eyeball is the:

A

retina

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43
Q

Specialized receptors found near the point of junction between tendons and muscles are called:

A

proprioceptors

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44
Q

The ability to distinguish one touch stimulus from two is called:

A

two-point discrimination

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45
Q

Cones are densely concentrated in the:

A

fovea centralis

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46
Q

The substance that fills the chamber of the anterior cavity of the eye is:

A

the aqueous humor.

47
Q

This type of receptor is found only in the eye

A

Photoreceptor

48
Q

The sense organs involved in the sense of balance are found in the vestibule and the:

A

semicircular canals.

49
Q

The sense organs of taste are the:

A

taste buds

50
Q

The following are the original primary taste sensations except:

A

metallic

51
Q

The sense organs are classified as:

A

general and special

52
Q

As people grow older, they tend to become farsighted. This condition is called:

A

presbyopia

53
Q

The ear is divided into three anatomical parts.

A

External ear, middle ear, inner ear

54
Q

The tiny bones found in the middle ear are the:

A

ossicles

55
Q

Gustatory cells are found in the:

A

mouth

56
Q

Olfactory receptors are responsible for the sense of:

A

smell

57
Q

visual pathways

A

brightness
color
focus
rods & cones
blind spot
visual interpretation

58
Q

vision detects :

A

brightness
color
images
motion

59
Q

vision detects intensity and wave length of light

A

brightness & color

60
Q

light must be refracted by the eye to form a detectable image

A

focused

61
Q

innermost layer of retina contains

A

rods and cones

62
Q

impulse travels from _____ & _____ through the bipolar and ganglionic layers of retina

A

rods and cones

63
Q

nerve impulse leave the eye through optic nerve: the point of exit is free of receptors called

A

blind spot

64
Q

visual interpretation occurs in the

A

visual cortex of occipital bone of cerebrum

65
Q

the ear is responsible for

A

hearing and equilibrium

66
Q

the ear functions in hearing and in equilibrium using receptors called

A

mechanoreceptors

67
Q

the ear contains

A

external, middle, inner

68
Q

external ear contains

A

auricle pinna
external acoustic canal

69
Q

external acoustic canal in the external ear contains

A

1 inch length
ceruminous glands
ends at tympanic membrane

70
Q

middle ear contains

A

ossicles
ends in oval window
eustachian tube connects middle ear to throat

71
Q

ear ossicles

A

malleus
incus
stapes

72
Q

auditory tube is also called

A

eustachian tube

73
Q

inflammation of the middle ear

A

otitis media

74
Q

inner ear contains

A

bony labryinth filled with perilymph

subdivided into vestibule, semicircular canals,
cochlea

membranous labyrinth filled with endolymph

75
Q

hearing detects hearing detects changes in intensity (loudness) & frequency (tone) sound waves which are _________

A

pressure waves

76
Q

sound waves are funneled by auricle into external acoustic canal and vibrate the ______

A

tympanic membrane

77
Q

vibration of tympanic membrane are amplified by auditory ossicles and transmitted to the _______

A

oval window

78
Q

vibrations of oval window trigger vibrations of _______ & ______

A

perilymph
endolymph

79
Q

sensory hair cells on the spiral organ

A

organ of corgi

80
Q

sensory hair cells on organ of corti respond when bent by movement of surrounding endolymph set in motion by sound waves, become damaged by ______

A

chronic exposure to loud noise

81
Q

two types of equilibrium

A

static & dynamic

82
Q

sense of gravity is

A

static equilibrium

83
Q

ciliated hair cells in static equilibrium

A

mechanoreceptors

84
Q

ciliares hair (mechanoreceptors) in 2 maculae in the

A

vestibule

85
Q

when the head tilts, gravity pulls gel of each maculae bending sensory cilia and producing a

A

nerve signal

86
Q

sense of speed and direction of movement

A

dynamic equilibrium

87
Q

flap like capula

A

crista ampullaris

88
Q

dynamic equilibrium is detected by

A

cilia hair cells of crista ampullaris in ampulla of each semicircular canal

89
Q

speed or direction of the head changes, flow of endolymph is semicircular canals is altered, causing change in in sensory cilia producing

A

nerve signal

90
Q

vestibular nerve carries nerve impulses form equilibrium of vestibules, joins with cochlear nerve form the

A

vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)

91
Q

sense of taste is called

A

gustation

92
Q

taste receptors are chemoreceptors called

A

gustatory cells

93
Q

gustatory cells located in

A

taste buds

94
Q

cranial nerves carry gustatory impulses

A

VII facial
IX glossopharyngeal

95
Q

primary taste modes

A

sweet
sour
bitter
salty

96
Q

detects sugars

A

sweet

97
Q

detects acids

A

sour

98
Q

detects alkaline solutions

A

bitter

99
Q

detects sodium ions

A

salty

100
Q

2 extra primary modes

A

metallic - detects metal ions
umami - detects glutamine amino acid

101
Q

olfactory receptors in ____ of nasal cavity are sensitive but easily adapt (become fatigued)

A

olfactory mucosa

102
Q

olfactory mucosa become easily

A

fatigued

103
Q

odor causing chemicals initiate a never impulse that is carried on _______ cranial nerve I and interpreted as specific odor in the brain

A

I olfactory

104
Q

olfaction has a strong relationship with ____ and _____ through límbico system

A

emotions and memory

105
Q

emotions and memory

A

limbic system

106
Q

all senses are processed and received in the

A

brain

107
Q

flavor is formed by

A

gustatory and olfactory senses

108
Q

gustatory and olfactory senses can be effected by

A

touch
pain
temperature

109
Q

dulls flavor snensations

A

nasal congestion

110
Q

our senses may decline as we

A

age

111
Q

some sensory info is processed

A

subconsciously

112
Q

both senses of equilibrium with vision and proprioception

A

posture and balance

113
Q

a nerve impulse is a sensation in

A

CNS

A&P 1 (6 decks)

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