Chapter Five: The Lower Limb Flashcards
Lumbar plexus minor branches
-ileohypogastric
-ileoinguinal
-genitofemoral
-lateral femoral cutaneous
Ileohypogastric nerve (minor)
-T12 and L1
Ileoinguinal nerve (minor)
-T12 and L1
Genitofemoral nerve
-L1 and L2
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
-L2 and L3
Roots of the lumbar plexus
-T12 to L5
Major nerves of the lumbar plexus
-femoral
-obturator
-lumbosacral trunk
Femoral nerve (major)
-L2, 3, 4
Obturator nerve (major)
-L2, 3, 4
Lumbosacral trunk (major)
-L4, 5
Roots of the sacral plexus
-L4 to S4
Major nerves of the sacral plexus
-superior gluteal
-inferior gluteal
-sacral sciatic
-pudendal
Superior gluteal nerve (major)
-L4, 5, S1
Inferior gluteal nerve (major)
-L5, S1 ,2
Sacral sciatic nerve (major)
-S1, 2, 3
Pudendal nerve (major)
-S2, 3, 4
Sciatic nerve
-made up of the lumbosacral trunk and sacral sciatic nerve
-made up of roots L4 to S3
Divisions of the sciatic nerve
-tibial
-common peroneal
Minor nerves of the sacral plexus
-obturator internus
-gemellus superior
-gemellus inferior
-quatratus femoris
-piriformis
Obturator internus nerve (minor)
-L4, 5, S1, 2
Gemellus superior nerve (minor)
-L4, 4, S1, 2
Gemellus inferior nerve (minor)
-L4, 4, S1
Quadratus femoris nerve (minor)
-L4, 5, S1
Piriformis nerve (minor)
-S1, 2
Bones of the hip
-ilium
-ischium
-pubis
Labelling of the hipbone
-page 106/107
The sacroiliac joints
-sacroiliac
-sacrospinous
-sacrotuberous
Sacroiliac ligament
-join the sacrum to the 2 iliac bones
Sacrospinous ligament
-run from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity and the ischial spine
Sacrotuberous ligament
-run from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity and the ischial spine
Proximal femur labelling
-page 109
Proximal femur head shape
-2/3 of a sphere
Muscles of the gluteal region (groups)
-the gluteal muscles (3) and the tensor fasciae latae
-the lateral rotators (6)
Gluteal muscles and the tenor fasciae latae
-gluteus maximus
-gluteus medius
-gluteus minimus
-tensor fasciae latae
Gluteus maximus
-origin: posterior ilium, sacroiliac joint and sacrotuberous ligament
-insertion: deep third inserts on gluteal tuberosity and superficial two thirds insert on insert on IT band
-innervated by inferior gluteal nerve
-powerful hip extensor, lateral rotator and adductor
Gluteus medius
-origin: middle of iliac blade
-insert: greater trochanter
-innervated by superior gluteal nerve
-medial rotation
Gluteus minimus
-origin: external surface of iliac blade
-insertion: greater trochanter
-innervated by superior gluteal nerve
-medial rotation
Tensor fasciae latae
-origin: anterior superior iliac spine
-insertion: IT band and gerdys tubercle
-innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
-acts by tensing the ITB (stabilizor and abductor)
The lateral rotators
-piriformis
-obturator internus
-gemellus superior
-gemellus inferior
-obturator externus
-quadratus femoris
Piriformis
-origin: inside of pelvis from the front of the sacrum
-insertion: greater trochanter
-innervated by S1, 2
-lateral rotator
Obturator internus
-origin: inside the the obturator membrane
-insertion: greater trochanter
-innervated by L4, 5, S1, 2
-lateral rotator
The gemelli (2) (superior and inferior)
-origin: edge of the foramen one above and one below the obturator internus
-insertion: on greater trochanter with gemelli
-superior is innervated by L4, 5, S1, 2
-inferior is innervated by L4, 5, S1
-lateral rotators
Obturator externus
-origin: outside of obturator membrane
-insertion: base of greater trochanter
-innervated by L2, 3, 4
Quadratus femoris
-origin: ischial tuberosity
-insertion: middle of the intertrochanteric crest
-innervated by L4, 5, S1
-lateral rotator
Blood supply and nerves of the gluteal region
-labelling on page 113
The hip joint
-multiaxial, ball and socket,
-acetabulum articulates with head of femur
Transverse acetablular ligament
-completes the “full circle” of the hip joint
Iliofemoral ligament
-most important ligament of the hip joint
-inverted V shape
-runs from AIIS to intertrochanteric line
-prevents hyperextension
Pubofemoral ligament
-less important ligament of the hip joint
-on back side
-protect medial and lateral aspects of the joint
Ischiofemoral ligaments
-less important ligaments of the hip joint
-protect medial and lateral aspects of the joint
Ligaments of the hip joint labelling
-page 115
The shaft and distal femur labelling
-page 116
The proximal tibia and fibula labelling
-page 117
Compartments of the thigh
-anterior compartment (extensors)
-medial compartment (adductors)
-posterior compartment (flexors)
The anterior compartment of the thigh
-sartorius
-quadriceps femoris (vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius , and rectus femoris)
Sartorius
-origin: anterior superior iliac spine
-insertion: anterior tibia (included in gooses foot)
-innervated by femoral nerve
-flexes the hip and knee
Rectus femoris (quadricep group)
-origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
-insertion: superior border of patella
-innervated by femoral nerve
-flexes hip and extends knee
Vastus medialis (quadricep group)
-origin: femur on linea aspera
-insertion: patella
-innervated by femoral nerve
-extend the knee
Vastus lateralis (quadricep group)
-origin: femur on linea aspera
-insertion: patella
-innervated by femoral nerve
-extend the knee
Vastus intermedius (quadricep group)
-origin: shaft of the femur
-insertion: behind the rectus femoris onto superior border of patella
-innnervated by femoral nerve
-extend the knee
Iliopsoas
-psoas origin: transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
-iliacus origin: blade of the ilium
-insertion: lesser trochanter
-innervated by several branches from the lumbar plexus
-flex and laterally rotate the hip
The femoral triangle
-made up of inguinal ligament (base), sartorius (lateral wall) and adductor longus (medial wall)
The femoral sheath and canal
-piece of abdominal cavity that runs through the thigh
-in the condom there is the artery, vein and lymphatics
-outside the condom is the nerve
Profunda femoris artery
-splits into tiny nerves to supply thigh
Adductor hiatus
-splits from the side of the knee to go through a hole in the bone and to the back of the knee
Femoral nerve
-like a cheesestring
Obturator nerve
-goes to medial compartment