2.10-2.13

Question 1

genetic behavior

Answer 1

The field that seeks to
discover the influence of heredity and
the environment on individual differences in
human traits and development.

Question 2

twin study

Answer 2

A study in which the behavioral the similarity of identical twins is compared with
the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins.

Question 3

adoption study

Answer 3

seeks to discover whether behavioral and
psychological characteristics of adopted children are more like those of their adoptive parents or biological parents.
* Adoptive parents provided the home environment.
* Biological parents contributed to their heredity.

Question 4

heridity-environment correlations

Answer 4

-Passive genotype-environment correlations
-Evocative genotype-environment correlations
-Active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlations

Question 5

Passive genotype-environment correlations

Answer 5

occur because biological parents, who are
genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment for the child.
so for example: if the parents are both doctors when the children will definitely study medicine as well

Question 6

Evocative genotype-environment correlations

Answer 6

occur because a child’s genetically-influenced characteristics elicit certain types of environments
For example, active, smiling children receive more social stimulation than passive, quiet children do

Question 7

active -niche picking- genotype-environment correlations

Answer 7

occur when children seek out environments that they find compatible and stimulating
-the children who seek out the social context in which to interact with people, whereas shy children don’t.

Question 8

the epigenetic view

Answer 8

Emphasizes that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional the interchange between heredity and environment

Question 9

gene-environment GxE interaction

Answer 9

the interaction of a specific measured variation in the DNA and a specific measured the aspect of the environment

Question 10

epigenetic mechanism

Answer 10

involve the actual molecular modification of the DNA strand as a result of environmental
inputs in ways that alter gene functioning

Question 11

conclusion about heredity-environment interaction

Answer 11

• The relative contributions of heredity and environment are not additive.
• Genes produce proteins—or not—in many different environments throughout the life span.
• Complex behaviors are influenced by genes and environments in a way that gives people a propensity for a particular developmental trajectory.
• We also can author a unique developmental path by changing
  the environment.