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AVS- Module 3 > Reproduction- Physiology > Flashcards

Reproduction- Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Puberty

A

Animal becomes capable of reproduction

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2
Q

Sexual maturity

A

Reproduce at optimal level

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3
Q

Sexual maturity for heifers

A

15 months

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4
Q

Sexual maturity for bulls

A

2-3 months after puberty

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5
Q

Stages of reproduction(5)

A

Parturition
Gestation
Lactation
Rebreeding
Hormonal control

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6
Q

True or False: lactation prevents estrus with pigs

A

True

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7
Q

Estrous cycle definition

A

Period of time btwn one heat and the next
About 3 weeks

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8
Q

Anestrus definition

A

Interval if sexual inactivity

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9
Q

Which animals are polyestrous

A

Cow
Goats
Pigs

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10
Q

Which animal is seasonally polyestrous

A

Sheep

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11
Q

What happens during proestrus

A

Follicle enlarges
Estrogen increases
Vascularity increases
FSH and LH increase

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12
Q

What surges during estrus followed by what

A

LH followed by ovulation

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13
Q

What is 80% of the estrous cycle

A

Luteal phase

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14
Q

What takes places during diestrus

A

Longest phase
Progesterone is high(P4)
FSH low
Ends with luteolysis

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15
Q

What is luteolysis

A

Degradation of corpus luteum

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16
Q

What happens to corpus luteum if female isn’t pregnant

A

Regresses
Uterus releases PF2€

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17
Q

If offspring is present in a sow what happens dealing with anestrus period

A

Completely suppresses estrus

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18
Q

If offspring is present in a cow what happens dealing with anestrus period

A

Suppresses estrus up to 60 days

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19
Q

If offspring is present in a mare what happens dealing with anestrus period

A

Returns to estrus 9-11 days after foaling

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20
Q

What animals experience a photoperiod

A

Mare
Ewe

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21
Q

Flushing purpose food wise

A

Increase ovulation by increasing feed intake prior to estrus

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22
Q

What is seasonal anestrus controlled by

A

Photoperiod and temperature

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23
Q

With ewes what must be present before estrogen for behavioral estrus

A

Progesterone(p4)

24
Q

How long does it take for luteolysis to occur

A

1-3 days

25
Q

What increases uterine PGF2€

A

Oxytocin

26
Q

True or False: a mare is less sensitive to PGF2€

A

False they’re more sensitive

27
Q

What prevents polyspermy

A

Zone Pellucida
Vitelline membrane

28
Q

Characteristic of Morula

A

Division of fertilized egg
Totipotent

29
Q

Blastocyst characteristics

A

Trophoblast cells
ICM

30
Q

Eutherian definition

A

Animals with placenta

31
Q

What does ICM turn into

A

Embryo

32
Q

How can cows recognize pregnancy

A

Interferon Tau is released
Inhibits PGF2€ at day 13

33
Q

What day does implantation occur in cows

A

Day 12

34
Q

How can a mare tell when pregnant

A

Physical presence
eCG

35
Q

How many pregnancies will sows not exceed

A

4

36
Q

Layers of placenta

A

Amnion
Chorion
Allantois

37
Q

Amnion function

A

Closely covers embryo
Temp respiratory organs

38
Q

Chorion function

A

Surrounds amniotic sac
Outermost layer
Includes trophoblast
Temp respiratory organs

39
Q

Allantois function

A

Waste management and gas exchange

40
Q

What happens hormonally in the first stage of parturition

A

Fetal adrenal cortisol releases in response to stress
Increase estrogen
Decrease progesterone
PGF2€ increases contractions
Cervical pressure induces oxytocin

41
Q

FSH function

A

Hyperovulation to signal more
Initiates a new follicular wave

42
Q

FSH origin and structure

A

Anterior pituitary
Glycoprotein

43
Q

LH function

A

Treatment for cystic females
Used in estrous sync
Initiates ovulation

44
Q

LH origin and structure

A

Anterior pituitary
Glycoprotein

45
Q

GnRH function

A

Signals release of FSH and LH

46
Q

GnRH origin and structure

A

Hypothalamus
Peptide

47
Q

Estrogen function

A

Responsible for behavioral signs of estrus
Suppresses FSH

48
Q

Estrogen origin and structure

A

Ovary
Steroid

49
Q

Progesterone function

A

Maintains pregnancy

50
Q

Progesterone origin and structure

A

Uterus
Eicosanoid

51
Q

Adrenal Cortisol function

A

Released from fetus as part of stage 1 of parturition

52
Q

Adrenal cortisol origin

A

Fetal adrenal glands

53
Q

Oxytocin function

A

Uterine contractions
Milk let down

54
Q

Oxytocin origins and structure

A

Hypothalamus
Peptide

55
Q

Placentome definition

A

How body interacts with fetus when released after calving

AVS- Module 3 (4 decks)

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