Stress, Coping and Health Flashcards
what are the positive functions of short term stress?
can be perceived as a challenge
arousal, motivates us to solve problems
what is Hans Selye’s view of stress?
General Adaptive Syndrome
concentrates more on the biological aspects of the stress response
what are the three phases of general adaptive syndrome?
- alarm reaction (mobilise resources)
- resistance (cope with stressor)
- exhaustion (reserves depleted)
what is involved in the primary and secondary levels of appraisal in Lazarus’ theory?
primary: identify if the stressor is a threat or challenge
secondary: examine resources vs demand
what does psychoneuroimmunology study?
how psychological, neural and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
when highly stressed, the body has fewer disease-fighting _____
lymphocytes
which personality type is more prone to higher stress levels?
Type A: competitive, impatient, verbally aggressive, anger prone
pessimists: interpret stressors as uncontrollable and long-lasting
what factors influence the way a person reacts to the diagnosis of chronic illness?
social support, coping skills, personality, illness characteristics, impacts on daily functioning
who proposed that stress was a transaction between the individual and their environemnt?
Lazarus
threat, challenge and centrality are sub-scales of _____ appraisal
primary
which theory states arousal comes before emotion?
James-Lange theory
example: we observe our heart racing after a threat and then feel afraid
which theory states arousal and emotion occur simultaneously?
Cannon-Bard theory
what does Schacter-Singer two factor theory believe?
arousal + label = emotion
to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal
which two theorists believed that some responses happen instantly without conscious appraisal?
Zajonc and LeDoux
our tendency to form judgements relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience is called…
adaptation-level phenomenon
