Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

what are the three prominent theories of emotion?

Answer 1

James-Lange theory: body before thoughts
Canon-Bard theory: body and thoughts are simultaneous
Schachter’s two-factor theory: body and thoughts create emotions

Question 2

what is the drive-reduction theory?

Answer 2

a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates a person satisfy the need

Question 3

what is the arousal theory?

Answer 3

human motivation aims to seek optimum levels of arousal, not to eliminate it (we need a drive to act)

Question 4

in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, ____ needs are at the bottom and ____ are at the top

Answer 4

deficiency needs
growth needs

Question 5

doing an activity for its inherent satisfaction rather than for some separable consequence is called…

Answer 5

intrinsic motivation

Question 6

what are the two situational factors that effect the motivational climate?

Answer 6

ego-involving climate: people are compared to each other and urged to compete
master-involving climate: emphasis/reward effort and enjoyment of the activity

Question 7

performance anxiety is higher in the ____-____ climate

Answer 7

ego-involving

Question 8

what are the three different combinations for motivational conflict?

Answer 8

1. approach-approach conflict: two attractive alternatives, selecting one mean losing the other
2. avoidance-avoidance conflict: choosing between two undesirable alternatives
3. approach-avoidance conflict: being attracted to and repelled by the same goal

Question 9

which theory argues that cognitive appraisal defines emotion?

Answer 9

Lazarus

Question 10

we interpret our arousal as fear or excitement depending on the context. which theory argues this?

Answer 10

Schachter-Singer

Question 11

which machine is used to detect lies by measuring physiological responses that accompany emotions?

Answer 11

polygraph

Question 12

the scientific study of human flourishing is called…

Answer 12

positive psychology

Question 13

what is homeostasis?

Answer 13

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state

Question 14

the principle that performance increases with arousal only to a point, beyond which performance decreases is called…

Answer 14

Yerkes-Dodson law

Question 15

what are the three stages of drive-reduction theory?

Answer 15

1. physiological need
2. physical arousal
3. drive-reducing behaviours