A&P Ch. 3 Book

Question 0

Squamous

Answer 0

Thin, flat, scaly shape, often with a bulge where the nucleus is, much like the shape of a fried egg “sunny side up”
Ex: squamous cells line the esophagus
Ex: Form the surface layer (epidermis) of the skin

Question 1

Cytology

Answer 1

The scientific study of cells.

Question 2

Cuboidal

Answer 2

Squarish-looking in frontal tissue sections and about equal in height and width.
Ex: Liver cells

Question 3

Columnar

Answer 3

Distinctly taller than wide.

Ex: lining of the stomach and intestines

Question 4

Polygonal

Answer 4

Having irregularly angular shapes with four, five, or more sides.

Question 5

Stellate

Answer 5

Having multiple pointed processes projecting from the body of a cell, giving it a somewhat starlike shape.
Ex: cell bodies of many nerve cells

Question 6

Spheroidal to Ovoid

Answer 6

Round to oval.

Ex: egg cells and white blood cells

Question 7

Discoid

Answer 7

Disc-shaped.

Ex: red blood cells

Question 8

Fusiform

Answer 8

Spindle-shaped; elongated, with a thick middle and tapered ends.
Ex: smooth muscle cells

Question 9

Fibrous

Answer 9

Long, slender, and threadlike.

Ex: skeletal muscle cells and axons (nerve fibers) of nerve cells.

Question 10

Micrometer

Answer 10

Most useful unit of measurement for designating cell sizes.
10-6 of a meter
10-3 of a millimeter

Question 11

Resolution

Answer 11

The ability to reveal detail.

Question 12

Cytoplasm

Answer 12

The contents of a cell between its plasma membrane and its nuclear envelope, consisting of cytosol, organelles, inclusions, and the cytoskeleton.

Question 13

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Answer 13

A microscope that uses an electron beam in place of light to form high-resolution, two dimensional images of ultra thin slices of cells or tissues.

Question 14

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Answer 14

A microscope that that uses an electron beam in place of light to form high-resolution, three-dimensional images if the surfaces of objects.

Question 15

Plasma membrane

Answer 15

The unit membrane that encloses a cell and controls the traffic of molecules in and out of the cell.

Question 16

Cytoskeleton

Answer 16

Supportive framework of protein filaments and tubules.

Question 17

Organelles

Answer 17

Diverse structures that perform various metabolic tasks for the cell.

Question 18

Inclusions

Answer 18

Foreign matter or stored cell products.

Question 19

Cytosol

Answer 19

A clear, featureless, gelatinous colloid in which the organelles and other internal structures of a cell are embedded.

Question 20

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Answer 20

The fluid contained in the cells.

Question 21

Extra cellular fluid (ECF)

Answer 21

Any body fluid that is not contained in the cells.

Ex: blood, lymph, and tissue fluid

Question 22

Glycocalyx

Answer 22

Carbohydrate coating on the cell surface with multiple functions

Question 23

Integral proteins

Answer 23

Penetrate into the phospholipid bilayer or all the way through it

Question 24

Transmembrane proteins

Answer 24

Integral proteins that pass completely through the phospholipid bilayer. These have hydrophilic regions in contact with water on both sides of the membrane, and hydrophobic regions that pass back and forth through the lipid of the membrane

Question 25

Peripheral proteins

Answer 25

Do not protrude into the phospholipid layer but adhere to one face of the membrane. Typically anchored to a transmembrane protein as well as to the cytoskeleton

Question 26

Gates

Answer 26

Open and close under different circumstances, thus determining when solutes can pass

Question 27

Ligand-gated channels

Answer 27

Respond to chemical messengers

Question 28

Voltage-gated channels

Answer 28

Respond to changes in electrical potential (voltage) across the plasma membrane

Question 29

Mechanically-gated channels

Answer 29

Respond to physical stress on a cell, such as stretch and pressure

Question 30

Carriers

Answer 30

Are transmontane proteins that bind to glucose, electrolytes, and other solutes and transfer them to the other side of the membrane

Question 31

Pumps

Answer 31

Carriers that consume ATP in the process

Question 32

Cell-identity markers

Answer 32

Glycoproteins that contribute to glycocalyx, they also act like an identification tag that enables our bodies to tell which cells belong to it and which are foreign invaders

Question 33

Cell-adhesion molecules

Answer 33

Membrane proteins that allow cells to adhere to one another and to extra cellular material

Question 34

Second messenger

Answer 34

A chemical that is produced within a cell or that enters a cell in response to the binding of a messenger to a membrane receptor, and that triggers a metabolic reaction in the cell

Question 35

Kinases

Answer 35

Add phosphate groups to other cellular enzymes

Question 36

Glycocalyx

Answer 36

A layer of carbohydrate molecules covalently bonded to the phospholipid and protein molecules of a plasma membrane; forms a surface coat on all human crlls

Question 37

Microvilli

Answer 37

Are extensions of the plasma membrane that serve primarily to increase a cells surface area