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CMS Wine Study > 06 Intro to Burgundy > Flashcards

06 Intro to Burgundy Flashcards

1
Q

Burgundy history

A
  • Start of Chardonnay, also a little bit of Pinot
  • Catholic church Benedictine & Cistercian monasteries - took notes & ran experiments to improve wine
  • 1st time science applied to winemaking
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2
Q

Code napoleon 1804

A
  • inheretence laws - equal split among male children
  • fragmentation fo vineyard –> 1,000s of tiny vineyards
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3
Q

Burgundy appleations

A
  • Chablis
  • Côte d’Or
  • Côte Chalonaise
  • Mâconnais
  • Beaujolais
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4
Q

Burgundy Climate

A
  • Continental
  • Chablis is coldest - frost particualr issue here
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5
Q

Burgundy topography & aspect

A
  • Rolling hills
  • Côte d’Or slope - best vineyards on hillsides facing east / southeast –> 175-250m height is best
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6
Q

Burgundy Soil

A
  • Burgundy: Chalk, calcerous clay, marl, limestone
    –> limestone is bedrock for most of burgundy
  • Beaujolais - Granite (best wines)
  • Limestone magnifies acidity, Granite neutralizes acidity
  • Beaujolais is acidic (more so than Pinot Noir) & so doesn’t work well with limestone
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7
Q

Burgundy grape varieties

A

White
- Chardonay (main)
- Aligoté (small plots)

Red
- Pinot Noir (main)
- Gamay (primary Beaujolais)

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8
Q

Burgundy AOC pyramid

A
  • 33 Grand Crus (2%)
  • 550-600 Premier Crus (12%)
  • Village Wines (30%)
  • Regional appleations (56%)

Sense of place is critical

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9
Q

Burgundy: Domaine

A
  • Grower / producer that owns the vineyards
  • Grow / age / bottle in house
  • Reflects a higher commitment to farming
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10
Q

Burgundy: NÉGOCIANT

A
  • merchants who buy grapes & / or finished wine for blending & bottling under own lable
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11
Q

Burgundy: Clos

A
  • Plot of vineyard land traditionally surrounded by dry-stone walls
  • 1% of Burgundy
  • So special a monk built a wall around it
  • Famous example: Clos Vougeot
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12
Q

Burgondy: monopole

A
  • Parcel fo land with single ownership
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13
Q

Burgundy lables

A
  • Village wine: 100% grown in the village
    –> most famous vineyard appended to name of the village
  • Permier cru: 100% grapes from specific vineyard
    –> will say “premier cru or 1er Cru)
  • Grand Cru: 100% grapes from a famous vineyard
    –> village isn’t listed, just the name of hte vineyard on the bottle
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14
Q

Chablis stats

A
  • Location: 80 mi North of Côte d’Or & closer to Champagne than rest of burgundy
  • Climate: Cool continental
  • Soil: Kimmeridgian clay / limestone
  • Grape varieties: 100% Chardonnay

Famous for crisp, minerally, racy white wines

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15
Q

Chablis Viticulture & Vinification

A
  • Viticulture: picking time critical due to late season frosts
    –> Aspersion method: sprinklers on vines so the water freezes & protects vines from getting too cold within the ice
  • Vinification:
    –> Oak common in upper-tier wines
    –> Malolactic fermentation is common, but doesn’t give buttery taste (more goat milk)
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16
Q

Chablis AOP

A
  • Petite Chablis
  • Chablis
  • Chablis Premier Cru (40 vineyards)
  • Chablis grand Cru (7 designations, most with south / southwest exposure)
17
Q

Côte d’Or

A
  • 30 miles long escarpment
  • runs north-to-south
  • Starts in Dijon & ends in Santenay
  • Côte de Nuits (north)
  • Côte de Beaune (south)
18
Q

Côte de Nuits Stats

A
  • Topography / Aspect: hillsides & ridges, top vineyard sites in middle section
  • Climate: continental
  • Grape: Pinot Noir
  • Soil: Marl & Limestone
  • Viticulture: threats of frost, summer hail, excessie rain in fall
  • Vinification: french oak, often new for grand or premier cru
19
Q

Côte de Nuits AOP Hierarchy

A
  • Bourgogne AOP: Pinot Noir or chardonnay from anywhere in Burgundy
  • Bourgogne Cote d’Or AOP: Pinot Noir or Chardonnay from Côte de Nuits or Côte de Beaune
  • Côte de Nuits-Villages AOP: 5 small areas, pinot noir only
  • Village AOP: 100% of grapes in /a round named village; 9 key villages
  • Perimer Cru AOP: Specific vineyard, 130 exist
  • Garnd Cru: 24 vineyards (of 33 Grand crus in Burgundy)
20
Q

Côte de Nuits Villages

A

(North to south)
- Marsannay
- Fixin
- Gevrey-Chambertin
- Morey-St. Denis
- Chambolle-Musigny
- Vougeot
- Vosne-Romanée
- Flagey-Echézeaux
- Nuits-Saint-Georges

21
Q

Côte de Nuits Grand Cru vineyards

A
  • Chambertin
  • Bonnes-Mares
  • Musigny
  • La Tâche
  • La Romanée
22
Q

Côte de Beaune stats

A
  • Climate: continental, with wide range of micro climates
  • Soil: Marl, Limestone
  • Grapes: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir
  • Vinification: Oak for red & white
23
Q

Côte de Beaune AOP hierarchy

A
  • Bourgogne AOP: Pinot Noir & Chardonnay from anywhere in Burgundy
  • Village AOP: 100% grapes in adn aroudn named village
  • Premier Cru AOP: 100% from named vineyard or blend of premier cru vineyards, if unnamed
  • Grand cru AOP: 100% from grand cru vineyard; 8 exist
24
Q

Côte de Beaune Villages

A

(North to South)
Aloxe-Corton
Beaune
Pommard
Volnay
Meursault
Puligny-Montrachet
Chassagne-Montrachet

25
Q

Côte de Beaune Grand Cru examples

A

Corton
Corton-Charlemagne
Montrachet
Bâtard-Montrachet

26
Q

Côte Chalonnaise Stats

A

Location: Soth of Côte d’Or; no hillside escarpments to protect from wind
Climate: Continental
Soil: Limestone
Grapes: Chardonnay, some Aligoté, Pinot Noir
Vinification: new oak rarely used (white or red)
Typically cheaper than Côte d’Or wines

27
Q

Côte Chalonnaise Appelations

A

(North to south)
Bouzeron
Rully
Mercurey
Givry
Montagny

28
Q

Montagny AOP

A

Chardonnay only

29
Q

Bouzeron AOP

A

Aligoté only

30
Q

Rully AOP

A
  • Chardonnay
  • Pinot Noir
  • Crémant de Bourgogne
31
Q

Givry AOP

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Noir

32
Q

Mercurey AOP

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Noir

33
Q

Mâconnais Stats

A

Climate: Continental, but slightly warmer & Drier than more norther Burgundy
Topography: large area, low-lying hills fairly flat
Grapes: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Gamay
Vinification: mainly unaoked whites , some new oak in Pouilly-Fuissé

34
Q

Mâconnais Appelation Hierarchy

A

Mâcon AOP: Mainly white wines only _ Chardonnay

Saint-Véran AOP: White wine only - Chardonnay, some new oak

Pouilly-Fuissé AOP: White wine only, Chardonnay; some new oak; more expensive than other wines in region

35
Q

Beaujolais Stats

A
  • Location: south of & slightly overlapping Mâconnais
  • Climate: Continental, but warmer than rest of Burgundy; also called semi-continental
  • Soils: Schist & Granie (northern Beaujolais Cru village); Sandstone & clay (south)
  • Grapes: Chardonnay (small volume), Gamay
  • Viticulture: hillside vinyeards w low yields in northern Beaujolais Crus, flatter plains in south
  • Vinification: carbonic maceration,s tainless steel, used or old french oak
36
Q

Beaujolais Hierarchy

A
  • Beaujolais AOP - grapes grown anywhere in region
  • Beaujolais Nouveau - easy-drinking reds released on 3rd Thursday in Nov & should be consumed quickly
  • Beaujolais-Villages AOP: 38 designated villages
  • Beaujolais Crus: 10 named villages; Gamay only; Morgon AOP is an example
37
Q

Beaujolais Villages
- Juliénas
- Saint-Amour
- Chénas
- Moulin-a-Vent
-Fleurie
-Chiroubles
- Morgon
- Régnié
- Côte de brouilly
- Brouilly

A

CMS Wine Study (15 decks)

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