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Aniyah's 7A Class > Chapter 2: Cell Structures and Function > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Cell Structures and Function Flashcards

Topics Covered: o Section 1: Cells and Life o Section 2: The Cell in its Environment o Section 3: Photosynthesis o Section 4: Respiration o Section 5: Cell Division

1
Q

What is an element?

A

any substance that cannot be broken down into similar substances

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2
Q

What is an atom?

A

the smallest unit of all elements

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3
Q

What is a molecule?

A

the smallest unit of a compound

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4
Q

What is a compound?

A

when two or more elements combine chemically

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5
Q

What is a carbohydrate?

A

sugar molecules

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6
Q

What is a lipid?

A

fats, oils, and waxes

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7
Q

What is a protein?

A

large organic molecules that are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

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8
Q

What is a nucleic acid?

A

organic molecules that are very long and are made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus

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9
Q

What is DNA?

A

contains the general genetic material that carries about an organism

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10
Q

What is RNA?

A

second kind of nucleic acid, and plays an important part in the production of proteins

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11
Q

What is diffusion?

A

the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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12
Q

What is osmosis?

A

the diffusion of water molecules through a cell membrane

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13
Q

What is active transport?

A

the movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy

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14
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

the process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food

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14
Q

What is respiration?

A

the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose

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15
Q

What is fermentation?

A

a process that provides energy for cells without using oxygen

16
Q

What is interphase?

A

The period before division happens and the cell grows and copies DNA to divide

17
Q

What is mitosis?

A

The period in which the cell’s nucleus divides into two nuclei

17
Q

What is cytokensis?

A

The final stage of the cell cycle and the two daughter cells are exact copies of one another

17
Q

What are the six elements commonly found in living things?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur

17
Q

What are daughter cells?

A

the two new cells left after the original cell divides

17
Q

What is the role of water in a cell?

A

dissolves chemicals, chemical reactions can’t take place without water, helps cells keep their shape, keeps cells from changing temperature quickly

18
Q

What is the difference between an organic and inorganic compound?

A

Organic compounds contain carbon and inorganic compounds don’t contain carbon

19
Q

What are examples of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

A

Carbs - potatoes, bread, fruits
Lipids - fats, oils, waxes
Proteins - meat, fish, nuts
Nucleic Acids - DNA and RNA

20
Q

What causes diffusion?

A

the kinetic energy of the molecules that results in random motion, causing diffusion

21
Q

What does the term semi-permeable mean?

A

only certain things are able to pass through

22
Q

Which part of the cell is semi-permeable?

A

cell membrane

23
Q

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

A

active transport needs energy, passive transport doesn’t

24
Q

What are transport proteins and what is their role in the cell?

A

they are proteins found in the cell membrane that pick up molecules outside the cell and carry them in

25
Q

What is the photosynthesis equation?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O Light Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2

26
Q

What is the difference between the photosynthesis equation and the respiration equation?

A

Photosynthesis creates the products respiration needs and respiration creates the products photosynthesis needs

27
Q

What did Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick contribute

A

Franklin took pictures of DNA, Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA

28
Q

Explain the concept of the “Double Helix”

A

It is the structure of DNA and is like a twisted ladder

29
Q

What are the four nitrogen bases of DNA and how they pair?

A

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine
A and T
G and C

30
Q

State the replication process of DNA

A

it is the process by which the nitrogen bases of DNA split then find their pairs and attach to one another.

Aniyah's 7A Class (6 decks)

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