Esters and Carboxylic Acids

Question 1

IUPAC name for glycerol

Answer 1

1,2,3propane-triol

Question 2

uses for sodium salts

Answer 2

soap

Question 3

use for methyl esters

Answer 3

bio diesel

Question 4

Which structure of a -dioic acid (E or Z) will form an anhydride?

Answer 4

Z as both COOH groups must be on the same side of the carbon double bond

Question 5

ester + acid ?

Answer 5

alcohol + carboxylic acid

Question 6

ester + base ?

Answer 6

alcohol + carboxylate salt

Question 7

What are the products for acid hydrolysis of an ester?

Answer 7

alcohol + carboxylic acid

Question 8

What are the products for base hydrolysis of an ester?

Answer 8

alcohol + carboxylate salt

Question 9

reagent & condition for the base hydrolysis of an ester?

Answer 9

NaOH aqueous / warm

Question 10

reagent for reduction of carbonyls

Answer 10

NaBH4

(sodium borotetrahydride)

Question 11

Give a catalyst for the reaction between an acid and alcohol to form an ester

Answer 11

HCl or H2SO

Question 12

What is the name(s) given to the reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol?

Answer 12

condensation reaction

condensation reaction (or esterification)

Question 13

☺ and ☹ for acyl chlorides

Answer 13

☺:
→ faster reaction
→ more yield
☹:
→ produces HCl, corrosive

Question 14

☺ and ☹ for acyl anhydrides

Answer 14

☺:
→ no corrosive HCl fumes
→ cheaper
☹:
→ low yield, slower reaction

Question 15

State what is meant by a fraction.

Answer 15

a group of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points

Question 16

Give a reason why carbon dioxide absorbs infrared radiation.

Answer 16

C=O bonds vibrate at the same frequency as IR

Question 17

Name the mechanism for the reaction between nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

Answer 17

electrophillic substitution