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organic chemistry > Organic Synthesis > Flashcards

Organic Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

alcohol → aldehyde

A

acidified K₂Cr₂O₇
heat in distillation
(1° alcohol)

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2
Q

alcohol → carboxylic acid

A

acidified K₂Cr₂O₇
reflux
oxidation

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3
Q

alcohol → ketone

A

acidified K₂Cr₂O₇, reflux
oxidation (2° alcohol)

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4
Q

aldehyde → alcohol

A

NaBH₄ in methanol + water
nucleophillic addition (reduction)

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5
Q

ketone → alcohol

A

NaBH₄ in methanol + water
nucleophillic addition (reduction)

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6
Q

alcohol → alkene

A

concentrated H₂SO₄ or H₃PO₄
reflux
elimination/dehydration

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7
Q

alkene → alcohol

A

steam
H₃PO₄ catalyst
60atm, 300°C

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8
Q

alcohol → haloalkane

A

sodium halide
H₂SO₄, 20°C

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9
Q

haloalkane → alcohol

A

NaOH aq.
heat under reflux
nucleophillic substitution

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10
Q

alkane → haloalkane

A

halogen
UV light
free radical substitution

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11
Q

alkene → haloalkane

A

hydrogen halide
room temperature
electrophillic addition

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12
Q

alkene → dihaloalkane

A

halogen
room temperature
electrophillic addition

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13
Q

alkene → alkane

A

hydrogen
nickel catalyst, 150°C
hydrogenation

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14
Q

haloalkane → nitrile

A

ethanolic + aqueous KCN
heat under reflux
nucleophillic substitution

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15
Q

haloalkane → alkene

A

ethanolic OH-
heat under reflux
elimination

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16
Q

nitrile → primary amine

A

LiAlH₄ in dry ether
heat
(or H2 + nickel catalyst)
reduction

17
Q

haloalkane → primary amine

A

excess ammonia
heat under pressure
nucleophillic substitution

18
Q

haloalkane → quaternary ammonium salt

A

ammonia
heat under pressure
nucleophillic substitution

19
Q

aldehyde/ketone → hydroxynitrile

A

KCN, H₂SO₄
room temperature
nucleophillic addition

20
Q

acyl chloride / acid anhydride → carboxylic acid

A

H₂O
room temperature
nucleophillic addition elimination

21
Q

acyl chloride / acid anhydride → primary amide

A

ammonia
room temperature
nucleophillic addition elimination

22
Q

acyl chloride / acid anhydride → ester

A

alcohol
room temperature
nucleophillic addition elimination

23
Q

carboxylic acid → ester

A

alcohol + H₂SO₄
heat & catalyst?
esterification/condensation

24
Q

ester → carboxylic acid

A

1) dilute H₂SO₄ , H₂O
reflux, catalyst
acidic hydrolysis
OR
2) aqueous NaOH
reflux
alkaline hydrolysis (forms carboxylate salt)

25
Q

ester → carboxylic acid

A

1) dilute H₂SO₄ , H₂O
reflux, catalyst
acidic hydrolysis
OR
2) aqueous NaOH
reflux
alkaline hydrolysis (forms carboxylate salt

26
Q

acyl chloride / acid anhydride → N - substituted amide

A

amine
room temperature
nucleophillic addition elimination

27
Q

carboxylic acid → carboxylate salt

A

aq NaOH
room temperature
acid - base

28
Q

benzene → nitrobenzene

A

concentrated H₂SO₄ + HNO₃
25 - 60°C
electrophillic subsitution

29
Q

nitrobenzene → phenylamine

A

concentrated HCl + Sn
heat
reduction

30
Q

phenylamine → N-phenylethanamide

A

acyl chloride
room temperature
nucleophillic addition elimination

31
Q

benzene → phenylketone

A

acyl chloride
anhydrous AlCl₃
electrophilic substitution

organic chemistry (9 decks)

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