Obstructive sleep apnoea

Question 1

What causes obstructive sleep apnoea

Answer 1

Collapse of pharyngeal airway

Question 2

Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea

Answer 2

middle age, male, obesity, alcohol, smoking

Question 3

Features of obstructive sleep apnoea

Answer 3

Episodes of apnoea during sleep (reported by partner), snoring, morning headache, waking up unrefreshed, daytime sleepiness, concentration problems, reduced O2 during sleep

Question 4

What can severe cases of sleep apnoea cause

Answer 4

Hypertension, HF and increase risk of MI and stroke

Question 5

What is the Epworth sleepiness scale

Answer 5

Used to assess symptoms of sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnoea

Question 6

First line management of obstructive sleep apnoea

Answer 6

Correct reversible risk factors - stop alcohol, stop smoking and loose weight

Question 7

Second line management of obstructive sleep apnoea

Answer 7

CPAP machine

Question 8

Surgical options for treatment

Answer 8

Surgical reconstruction of soft palate and jaw - most common is uvulopalatopharyngoplasty