L2) How to examine cells and tissues Flashcards
what is a tissue?
tissue = latin word for woven
group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit
list the 4 tissue types in the human body
epithelial
connective
muscle
nerve
broadly describe an epithelial tissue
often on edge or surround other tissues
sometimes found as clusters (glands)
polarised at surfaces
held together by strong anchoring proteins
communicate through junctions at their lateral and basal surface
broadly describe connective tissues
consists of cells and extracellular proteins/glycoproteins and gels
what are the main cells in the connective tissue?
fibroblasts
chondrocytes
osteocytes/osteoblasts/osteoclasts
stem cells/progenitor cells/bone marrow/blood/adipocytes
what are the main products of connective tissues?
fibres
ground substances
wax and gel-like materials
what cells are consisted in the muscle tissue?
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
what is the major function of muscle tissue?
to contract
allow movement (of organism and tissue contents)
provide stability
what is the minor function of muscle tissue?
to secrete hormones
such as natriuretic factors
or myostatins
what does the nerve tissue consist of?
nerve cells (neurons)
several support cells
what is the structure of nerve tissues?
cells congregate into nerve fibres
fibres congregate into ‘nerves’
can be relatively short (um)
or very long (cm to m)
what is the function of the nerve tissue?
fast communication in the body
what is the standard measurement for a cell?
micron (um)
using measurement graticule
what is the limit of resolution?
the smallest distance by which two objects can be separated and still be distinguishable as two separate objects
how would you obtain a biopsy?
