exam 2 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

6.1 define rubisco

A

enzyme that catalyzes initial transformation of co2 into sugar

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2
Q

6.11 formula for net photosynthesis

A

photosynthesis - respiration

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3
Q

6.2 define light saturation point

A

amount of light(PAR) at which plants achieve maximum rate of photosynthesis

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4
Q

6.2 define light compensation point

A

level of light where photosynthesis and respiration balance each other

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5
Q

6.2 negative effect of high light levels is?

A

photoinhibition

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6
Q

6.2 define transpiration

A

loss of water vapor from plant to outside atmosphere

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7
Q

6.8 define shade-intolerant

A

growing & reproducing best under high light conditions

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8
Q

6.8 define shade-intolerant

A

growing & reproducing best under low light conditions

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9
Q

6.11 define macronutrients

A

essential nutrients plants and animals need in large amounts

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10
Q

6.11 define micronutrients

A

essential nutrients plants and animals need in small amounts

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11
Q

8.2 define geographic range

A

distribution described by all individuals of a species encompassed in a defined area.

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12
Q

8.2 define ubiquitous

A

having widespread geographic distribution

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13
Q

8.2 define endemic

A

restricted to a given region

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14
Q

8.2 define metapopulation

A

population broken into sets of subpopulations held together by dispersal or movements of individuals among them

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15
Q

8.7 define dispersal

A

movements of individuals in a space

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16
Q

8.7 define emigration

A

when individuals move out of a subpopulation

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17
Q

8.7 define immigration

A

when individuals from another location into a subpopulation

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18
Q

8.7 define migration

A

intentional, directional, usually seasonal movement of animals between two regions or habitats

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19
Q

8.8 define invasive species

A

species that is not native to that ecosystem; referred to as non-native or alien species

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20
Q

9.1 define budding

A

when new individual forms on parent organism

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21
Q

9.1 define geometric population growth

A

population growth described over discrete time intervals

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22
Q

9.1 define exponential population growth

A

instantaneous rate of population growth expressed as a proportional increase per unit of time

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23
Q

9.1 define survivorship curve

A

graph describing the survival (lx) of a cohort of individuals in a population from birth to the maximum age reached by any one member of the cohort.

24
Q

9.8 demographic stochasticity

A

random variations in birth and death rates that occur in a population from year to year

25
Q

9.8 define environmental stochasticity

A

random variations in the environment that directly affect birth and death rates

26
Q

10.2 define asexual reproduction

A

any form of reproduction, such as budding, that does not involve the fusion of gametes

27
Q

10.2 define parthenogensis

A

development of an individual from an egg that did not undergo fertilization

28
Q

10.3 define sexual reproduction

A

two individuals produce haploid gametes that combine to form a diploid cell

29
Q

10.3 define hermaphroditic

A

bisexual flowers with both male organs and female organs - termed “perfect”

30
Q

10.3 define monoecious

A

having male and female reproductive organs separated on the same plant - termed “imperfect”

31
Q

10.3 define simultaneous hermaphrodites

A

individual organism that possesses both male and female sex organs at the same time in its life cycle

32
Q

10.3 define sequential hermaphrodites

A

individual organism that changes sex from female to male (vice versa) at some time in its life cycle

33
Q

10.6 define reproductive effort

A

proportion of its resources an organism expends on reproduction

34
Q

10.8 define iteroparous

A

having multiple broods over a lifetime

35
Q

10.8 define semelparous

A

having only a single reproductive effort in a lifetime, over one short period of time

36
Q

10.11 define sexual dimorphism

A

occurrence of morphological differences other than primary sexual characteristics that distinguish males from females in a species

37
Q

10.11 define intrasexual selection

A

competition among members of the same sex for a mate

38
Q

10.11 define intersexual selection

A

choice of a mate, usually by the female

39
Q

10.13 describe k-strategist

A

long lived, larger body size, produce few seeds, parental care is seen, mortality relates to density.
- they are poor colonizers of new and empty habitats

40
Q

10.13 describe r-strategist

A

short lived, rapid development, small body size, produce many offspring, minimal parental care.
- they are good colonizers and respond rapidly to disturbance

41
Q

11.1 define carrying capacity

A

number of individual organism the resources of a given area can support, usually through the most unfavorable period of the year

42
Q

11.1 define logistic model of population growth

A

expression for population growth curve in which rate of increase decreases linearly as population size increase

43
Q

11.2 define density dependence

A

regulation of population growth by mechanisms controlled by the size of the population; effect increases as population size increases

44
Q

11.2 density-dependent mortality

A

increase in mortality rate with increasing population size

45
Q

11.2 define density-dependent fecundity

A

decline in fecundity rate with increasing population size

46
Q

11.2 define density independent

A

being unaffected by population density; regulation of growth is not tied to population density

47
Q

11.3 define intraspecific competition

A

competition among individuals of same species

48
Q

define interspecific competition

A

competition among individuals of different species

49
Q

11.3 define scramble competition

A

intraspecific competition in which limited resources are shared to the point that no indivudla survives

50
Q

11.3 define contest competition

A

competition in which a limited resource is shred only by dominant individuals; relative constant number of individuals survive

51
Q

11.3 define exploitation

A

indirect competition

52
Q

11.3 define interference

A

direct competition

53
Q

11.4 define density-dependent growth

A

inverse relationship between population density and individual growth

54
Q

11.5 define self-thinning

A

progressive decline in density of plants associated with the increasing size of individuals

55
Q

11.9 define social dominance

A

physical dominance of one individual over another, usually maintained by some manifestation of aggressive behavior

56
Q

11.12 define allee effect

A

reduction in reproduction or survival under low population densities