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Chemistry GCSE > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Addition Reaction

A

reactions where the double bond opens up, allowing something else to react with the substance

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2
Q

Alkane

A

hydrocarbon with only single bonds

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3
Q

Methane

A

alkane with one carbon

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4
Q

Ethane

A

alkane with two carbons

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5
Q

Propane

A

alkane with three carbons

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6
Q

Butane

A

alkane with four carbons

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7
Q

Pentane

A

alkane with five carbons

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8
Q

Sextane

A

alkane with six carbons

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9
Q

Heptane

A

alkane with seven carbons

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10
Q

Octane

A

alkane with eight carbons

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11
Q

Nonane

A

alkane with nine carbons

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12
Q

Decane

A

alkane with ten carbons

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13
Q

Dodecane

A

alkane with twenty carbons

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14
Q

Pentacosane

A

alkane with twenty-five carbons

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15
Q

Alkene

A

hydrocarbon with double bonds

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16
Q

Ethene

A

alkene with two carbons

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17
Q

Propene

A

alkene with three carbons

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18
Q

Butene

A

alkene with four carbons

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19
Q

Pentene

A

alkene with five carbons

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20
Q

Sextene

A

alkene with six carbons

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21
Q

Heptene

A

alkene with seven carbons

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22
Q

Octene

A

alkene with eight carbons

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23
Q

Nonene

A

alkene with nine carbons

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24
Q

Decene

A

alkene with ten carbons

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25
Q

Dodecene

A

alkene with twenty carbons

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26
Q

Pentacosene

A

alkene with twenty-five carbons

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27
Q

Amylopectin

A

a naturally occurring polymer made up of repeated glucose molecules arranged in chains, found in starch alongside amylose

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28
Q

Amylose

A

a naturally-occurring polymer made up of repeated glucose monomers with a helical structure, found in starch alongside amylose

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29
Q

Batch Process

A

a process that stops and starts, much cheaper equipment needed than continuous, but much more expensive labour costs

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30
Q

Bubble Trap

A

the part of the fractional tower that slows down molecules

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31
Q

Butanol

A

C4H10O

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32
Q

Butanoic Acid

A

C3H7COOH

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33
Q

Carbohydrates

A

oxygenated hydrocarbons

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34
Q

Carboxylic Acid

A

a homologous series with the functional group COOH

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35
Q

Cellulose

A

a naturally-occuring polymer found in the stems of plants and trees

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36
Q

Combustion of Alkenes

A

Alkenes, unlike alkanes, burn with a smokey yellow flame, combustion of alkenes is incomplete, and release less energy per mole in combustion than alkanes

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37
Q

Continuous Reaction

A

a process that can keep going indefinately

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38
Q

Cracking

A

reaction in the oil industry to break down large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones

39
Q

Crude Oil

A

a substance formed in rock that can be separated out into naphtha, diesel, petrol and bitumen

40
Q

Dehydration

A

where water is removed

41
Q

Electron Dense

A

having a density that prevents electrons from penetrating

42
Q

Ester

A

monomers that join together to make polyester

43
Q

Ethanol

A

C2H6O

44
Q

Ethanoic Acid

A

CH3COOH

45
Q

Fractional Distillation

A

allows the separation of substances

46
Q

Functional Group

A

gives a family of compounds their characteristic reactions

47
Q

Halogenation

A

a type of addition reaction where halogens are added

48
Q

Homologous Series

A

the sequence of hydrocarbons

49
Q

Hydration

A

a type of addition reaction where water is added

50
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

compounds made only of hydrogen and carbon

51
Q

Hydrogenation

A

a type of addition reaction where hydrogen is added

52
Q

Intermolecular Forces

A

forces between molecules

53
Q

Intramolecular Forces

A

forces within molecules

54
Q

Lignin

A

a naturally-occuring polymer found in wood

55
Q

Macromolecule

A

a large molecule made up of repeated subunits

56
Q

Methanol

A

CH3OH

57
Q

Methanoic Acid

A

HCOOH

58
Q

Methylated Spirits

A

a mixture between ethanol and methanol

59
Q

Micron

A

millionth of a metre

60
Q

Monomer

A

small molecules that join together to form polymers

61
Q

Natural Polymers

A

naturally-occurring polymers

62
Q

Nucleotide

A

monomer used to make DNA

63
Q

Oil Refinery

A

where fractional distillation happens and crude oil is separated out into molecules of similar sizes

64
Q

Organic Chemistry

A

the chemistry of carbon-containing compounds

65
Q

Paraffin Wax

A

C20H42

66
Q

Polymer

A

molecules made out of long chains of hundreds of monomers, eg DNA, proteins

67
Q

Polyethene

A

polymer made up ethene monomers

68
Q

Polypropene

A

polymer made up of propene monomers

69
Q

Polybutene

A

polymer made up of butene monomers

70
Q

Polypentene

A

polymer made up of pentene monomers

71
Q

Polysextene

A

polymer made up of sextene monomers

72
Q

Polyheptene

A

polymer made up of heptene monomers

73
Q

Polyoctene

A

polymer made up of octene monomers

74
Q

Polynonene

A

polymer made up of nonene monomers

75
Q

Polydecene

A

polymer made up of decene monomers

76
Q

Polydodecene

A

polymer made up of dodecene monomers

77
Q

Polypentacosene

A

polymer made up of pentacosene monomers

78
Q

Polystyrene

A

polymer made up of styrene monomers

79
Q

Polyester

A

polymer made up of ester monomers

80
Q

Polyvinylchloride

A

polymer made up of vinyl chloride monomers

81
Q

Polymerisation

A

the process by which polymers form

82
Q

Polysacchride

A

a polymer made of many specific repeating glucose subunits

83
Q

Pores

A

holes in sedimentary rock where crude oil is formed

84
Q

Propanol

A

C3H8O

85
Q

Propanoic Acid

A

C2H7COOH

86
Q

Protein

A

polymers made up of amino acid monomers

87
Q

Pulping

A

the process by which lignin and cellulose are separated to create paper

88
Q

Repeating Unit

A

the bit of the polymer that repeats, which is different from the monomers as it breaks their double bond

89
Q

Silicon Dioxide

A

sand

90
Q

Styrene

A

a hydrocarbon with abnormal structure

91
Q

Synthetic Polymers

A

manmade polymers

92
Q

Thermosetting Polymers

A

polymers that do not soften when heated

93
Q

Thermosoftening Polymers

A

polymers that soften when heated

94
Q

Vinyl Chloride

A

H2C=CHCl

Chemistry GCSE (12 decks)

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