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biology gcse > Health > Flashcards

Health Flashcards

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1
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

where the immune system is badly damaged due to HIV

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2
Q

Agar Gel

A

a plant-based gelatine derived from seaweed

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3
Q

Agrobacterium Tumefaciens

A

a plant disease caused by bacteria that causes galls to form on the plant and prevents the plant from growing, one of the few plant bacterial diseases

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4
Q

Amoebic Dystentery

A

internal infection caused by single-celled protists

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5
Q

Amoxicillin

A

a form of antibiotic that bacteria is starting to become resistant

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6
Q

Antibiotic Resistance

A

happens when bacteria become immune to antibiotics

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7
Q

Aspirin

A

an antibiotic made from the back of the willow tree

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8
Q

Bacterial Disease

A

a disease caused by bacteria

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9
Q

Benign Tumour

A

a tumour that stays in one place

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10
Q

Bioenergetics

A

the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms

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11
Q

Calcium Deficiency

A

leaves new leaves misshapen or stunted

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12
Q

Cancer

A

an uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells caused by a genetic mutation

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13
Q

Carbon Dioxide Deficiency

A

only happens in overly-sealed greenhouses that causes white deposits on the leaves, stunted growth, and causes the plants to die back

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14
Q

Chemotherapy

A

drugs used to destroy dividing cells, destroying cancer cells which divide quickly. However, this can cause healthy cells to be harmed too. This may cause anaemia if bone marrow cells are harmed, nausea if intestines are harmed and hair loss if hair cells are harmed.

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15
Q

COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

a group of progressive lung diseases characterised by persistent airflow limitation

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16
Q

Cirrhosis of the Liver

A

a disease that destroys liver tissue, often caused by excessive alcohol consumption

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17
Q

Cryosurgery

A

used on external tumours, such as retina, cervix and early-stage prostate cancer, where tumours are frozen with liquid nitrogen, causing it to dissolve and form a scab

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18
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

bowel infection caused by single-celled protists

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19
Q

Culture Medium

A

a liquid or gel used to support the growth of microorganisms or other cultures, often containing specific nutrients

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20
Q

Digitalis

A

a drug derived from foxgloves

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21
Q

Digoxin

A

the brand name for digitalis, used for heart conditions

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22
Q

Diphtheria

A

a highly contagious infection that affects the nose and throat, and sometimes the skin, able to vaccinated against

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23
Q

FASD

A

Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

different disorders where an unborn baby is affected because of the mother’s alcohol consumption, causing disorders such as problems with teeth, jaw, liver, kidney or heat, or learning or developmental problems

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24
Q

Fungal Disease

A

a disease caused by fungi

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25
Q

Gene Therapy

A

where someone’s genetic code is edited to treat or cure illness or genetic disorder

26
Q

Giardia

A

a communicable bowel infection caused by a single celled protists called parasite G intestinalis, can infect other animals

27
Q

Gonorrhoea

A

a sexually transmitted disease usually caused by having unprotected sex, rarely has symptoms, may cause ectopic pregnancies

28
Q

Health

A

a person’s mental and physical condition, not simply the absence of illness

29
Q

Helicopter Pylori

A

an acid-tolerant bacteria that forms stomach ulcers and, in severe cases, stomach cancer

30
Q

HIV

A

Human Immunosuppressant Virus

the virus that causes AIDS, caused by unprotected sex, destroys white blood cells and causes the immune system to be badly damaged

31
Q

Iron Deficiency

A

leaves young leaves with green veins despite a yellow/white colour

32
Q

Lifestyle Diseases

A

diseases caused partly by unhealthy behaviour and partly by other factors, e.g. gout, type 2 diabetes

33
Q

Magnesium Deficiency

A

causes leaves to turn yellow in plants, leaving the veins green as magnesium is needed to create chlorophyll

34
Q

Malaria

A

a communicable disease caused by protists found in the mosquito bite, which affects the liver and blood cells, can stay dormant in the body for years after being infected

35
Q

Malignant Tumour

A

a tumour that spreads through the body by having bits break off and travel around in the blood stream

36
Q

Manganese Deficiency

A

causes yellow spots and/or enlarged holes between the veins

37
Q

Measles

A

a viral disease which causes fevers and skin rashes, spread in cough droplets and has no cure, so an infected person must be isolated. May cause brain damage leading to blindness, bowel issues and death

38
Q

Nicotine

A

an addictive substance found in cigarettes that can cause fatal damage to cells

39
Q

Nitrogen Deficiency

A

causes upper leaves to turn light green, lower leaves to turn yellow and bottom or older leaves to turn yellow and shriveled, as nitrogen is needed to make amino acids for protease

40
Q

Pathogen

A

a bacteria, virus or microorganism that can cause disease

41
Q

Phosphate Deficiency

A

causes leaves to turn darker than normal and causes the plant to lose its leaves

42
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

a highly infectious viral disease that can affect nerves and cause paralysis

43
Q

Potassium Deficiency

A

causes yellowing at the tips and edges, often in younger leaves, and causes dark or yellow patches to appear on leaves

44
Q

Proton Beam Therapy

A

a type of cancer treatment where proton beams are aimed at the tumour

45
Q

Radiotherapy

A

treatment where high energy radiation is used to shrink tumours and kill cancer cells by destroying their DNA, where the radiation is concentrated on one single place by several low-energy beams being converged on the tumours

46
Q

Risk Factors

A

factors which make you more susceptible to disease, e.g. age, diet, body weight

47
Q

Rose Black Spot

A

a plant disease caused by fungi that causes black lesions on the leaves so the leaf doesn’t photosynthesise well and dies

48
Q

Salmonella

A

a communicable disease caused by salmonella bacteria which live in the guts of animals and can be found in raw meat, poultry eggs and egg products, can disrupt natural gut bacteria if the end up in your body, often caused by eating uncooked foods, causes 2.2 million deaths a year

49
Q

STD

A

Sexually Transmitted Disease

diseases spread by unprotected sexual contact

50
Q

Signs

A

what we can see, eg a rash

51
Q

Sleeping Sickness

A

caused by a single celled protists and spread by tsetse flies, causes a fever that impacts the central nervous system

52
Q

Smallpox

A

a virus characterised by deep sores, fever and back pain

53
Q

Superbug

A

bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, such as MRSA

54
Q

Symptoms

A

what we can feel, eg a headache

55
Q

Tetanus

A

a bacterial disease marked by rigidity and spasm of the voluntary muscles

56
Q

TMV

A

Tobacco Mosaic Virus

a plant disease called by viruses that causes yellowing of the leaves, meaning they don’t photosynthesise well

57
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A

where the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin

58
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A

a lifestyle disease where your cells stop responding to insulin

59
Q

Vector

A

an organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another

60
Q

Viral Disease

A

a disease caused by a virus

61
Q

Whooping Cough

A

a bacterial infection of the lungs and breathing tubes, that spreads very easily and can be vaccinated against

62
Q

Willow Tree

A

tree from which aspirin is made of

biology gcse (12 decks)

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