Why are boys underachieving?

Question 1

what are the five factors for why boys are underachieving?

Answer 1

literacy
globalisation
feminisation of schooling
lack of male role models in the home
laddish subcultures

Question 2

what did mitsos and browne suggest?

Answer 2

there is now a decline in male employment opportunities, leading to an identity crisis (manufacturing industry moving to less developed countries) many boys now have little prospect in getting a job and put less effort into education

Question 3

ao3 for globalisation?

Answer 3

the intense male labour jobs that seem to disappear did not require qualification so should not have had an impact on school

Question 4

what did sewell argue?

Answer 4

boys fail in education because it has become feminised, meaning schools no longer nurture masculine traits (eg leadership)

Question 5

ao3 for sewell/feminisation of schooling

Answer 5

Read suggests that females can exert the firm discipline that boys need. female teachers use disciplinarian discourse (shouting) disproving the idea that only males provide the stricter classroom culture that boys need

Question 6

what did epstein find?

Answer 6

pro school working class boys were more likely to be harassed, labelled as gay and subjected to verbal abuse

Question 7

what did francis find?

Answer 7

boys more concerned about being labelled by peers than girls (threaten masculine identity)

Question 8

mac an ghaill research into laddish subcultures

Answer 8

working class boys labelled ‘dickhead achievers’, middle class ‘true englishmen’