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chemistry > 24 reaction of aqueous ions > Flashcards

24 reaction of aqueous ions Flashcards

1
Q

define hydration enthalpy

A

the standard enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous ions is converted to one mole of aqueous ions

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2
Q

when ions are hydrated what are positive ions attracted to?

A

slightly negative oxygen in water molecules

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3
Q

when ions are hydrated what are negative ions attracted to?

A

slightly positive hydrogens in water molecules

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4
Q

what is a complex ion?

A

central atom or ion surrounded by ligands

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5
Q

what is a coordinate bond?

A

shared pair of electrons that have both come from the same atom

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6
Q

define ligand

A

ion or molecule with a lone pair of electrons which can form a coordinate bond with a transition metal ion

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7
Q

define coordination number

A

number of coordinate bonds a transition metal ion forms

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8
Q

what are 4 hexa aqua complex ions?

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+
[Fe(H2O)6]2+
[Fe(H2O)6]3+
[Al(H2O)6]3+

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9
Q

what is each hexa aqua complex ion’s colour?

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ = blue solution
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ = pale green solution
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ = yellow brown solution
[Al(H2O)6]3+ = colourless solution

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10
Q

what colour is [Cu(H2O)6]2+?

A

blue solution

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11
Q

what colour is [Fe(H2O)6]2+?

A

pale green solution

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12
Q

what colour is [Fe(H2O)6]3+?

A

yellow brown solution

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13
Q

what colour is [Al(H2O)6]3+

A

colourless solution

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14
Q

which hexa aqua complex ions are more acidic?

A

3+ ions

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15
Q

why are the 3+ ions more acidic?

A

smaller with higher charge
more polarising
attracts lone pair in O
weakens O-H
can release H+ more easily

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16
Q

write an equation to show [Fe(H2O)6]3+ acting as an acid

A

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ -> [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2+ + H+

17
Q

what 3 things do all the hexa aqua complex ions react with?

A

Na2CO3
NaOH
NH3

18
Q

how does [Fe(H2O6)]2+ react with Na2CO3?
state the observation

A

[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + CO3 2- -> FeCO3 (s) + 6H2O
green solution -> green precipitate

19
Q

how does [Fe(H2O6)]2+ react with NaOH?
state the observation

A

[Fe(H2O6)]2+ + 2OH- -> [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] (s)+ 2H2O
green solution -> green precipitate

20
Q

how does [Fe(H2O6)]2+ react with NH3?
state the observation

A

[Fe(H2O6)]2+ + 2NH3 -> [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + 2NH4+
green solution -> green precipitate

21
Q

how does [Cu(H2O)6]2+ react with Na2CO3?
state the observation

A

[Cu(H2O)]2+ + CO3 2- -> CuCO3 (s) + 6H2O
blue solution -> blue green precipitate

22
Q

how does [Cu(H2O)6]2+ react with NaOH?
state the observation

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH- -> [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + 2H2O
blue solution -> blue precipitate

23
Q

how does [Cu(H2O)6]2+ react with NH3?
state the observation

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2NH3 -> [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) + 2NH4+
blue solution -> blue precipitate

24
Q

what other equation can also happen after [Cu(H2O)6] has reacted with 2NH3?

A

can react with an excess of ammonia

25
Q

how does [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] react with an excess of ammonia?
state the observation

A

[Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2NH3 -> [Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+ + 2H2O + 2OH-
blue precipitate -> deep blue solution

26
Q

how does [Fe(H2O)6]3+ react with Na2CO3?
state the observation

A

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3CO3 2- -> 2[Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3CO2 + 3H2O
yellow brown solution -> brown precipitate with effervescence

27
Q

how does [Fe(H2O)6]3+ react with NaOH?
state the observation

A

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3OH- -> [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H2O
yellow brown solution -> brown precipitate

28
Q

how does [Fe(H2O)6]3+ react with NH3?
state the observation

A

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3NH3 -> [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3NH4+
yellow brown solution -> brown precipitate

29
Q

how does [Al(H2O)6]3+ react with Na2CO3?
state the observation

A

[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3CO3 2- -> [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3CO2 +3H2O
colourless solution -> white precipitate with effervescence

30
Q

how does [Al(H2O)6]3+ react with NaOH?
state the observation

A

[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3OH- -> [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H2O
colourless solution -> white precipitate

31
Q

how does [Al(H2O)6]3+ react with NH3?
state the observation

A

[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3NH3 -> [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3NH4+
colourless solution -> white precipitate

32
Q

what other equation can happen after [Al(H2O)6]3+ reacts with NaOH?

A

can react with another NaOH

33
Q

how does [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] react with an another OH?
state the observation

A

[Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + OH- -> [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]- + H2O
white precipitate -> colourless solution

34
Q

what does amphoteric mean?

A

can act as an acid or a base

35
Q

show [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] acting as a base

A

[Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H+ -> [Al(H2O)6]3+

36
Q

show [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] acting as an acid

A

[Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + OH- -> [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]- + H2O

37
Q

how does [Cu(H2O)6]2+ react with HCl?
state the observation

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl- -> [CuCl4]2- + 6H2O
blue solution -> yellow solution

chemistry (34 decks)

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