Cardiovascular

Question 1

what is anastomosis?

Answer 1

arteries connect with each other without an intervening capillary network

Question 2

what is an end artery?

Answer 2

the only arterial blood supply to a given area (no collateral vessels)

Question 3

what does infarction mean?

Answer 3

irreversible cell death due to hypoxia causes by loss of arterial blood supply

Question 4

which kind of blood enters aorta first?

Answer 4

systemic arterial blood

Question 5

what are the 4 parts of the aorta?

Answer 5

Ascending aorta
Arch of aorta
Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta

Question 6

what is the structure of tunica adventitia?

Answer 6

supporting connective tissue

Question 7

what is the tunica media structure?

Answer 7

smooth muscle
(elastic fibres in elastic arteries)

Question 8

what is the tunic intima structure?

Answer 8

single layer of squamous epithelial cells (endothelial cells)
supported by basal lamina
and a thin layer of connective tissue

Question 9

what separates the tunica intima & media?

Answer 9

internal elastic membrane

Question 10

what does the vasa vasorum do?

Answer 10

supply the outer parts of large arteries with nutrients

Question 11

what is the structure of arterioles?

Answer 11

only 1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media
almost no tunica adventitiia

Question 12

what is the structure of capillaries?

Answer 12

only endothelial cells + basal lamina

Question 13

what is the microvasculature pathway?

Answer 13

Metarteriole (MT): links arterioles and capillaries

Pre-Capillary Sphincter (PS): controls blood flow

Throughfare Channels (TC): tail end of metarteriole that connects to venule

Capillary: material exchange

Question 14

where is hemopoiesis retained in adults?

Answer 14

skull, ribs, pelvis, vertebrae, proximal femurs

Question 15

what is venae comitantes?

Answer 15

when small veins run in pairs of more with an artery in a sheath
arterial pulsation pushes venous blood along

Question 16

what are the 2 main venous systems?
where blood from/ to?

Answer 16

Hepatic Portal: drains venous blood from GI tract & associated organs to liver
Systemic Venous System: drains venous blood from all other organs & tissues to superior & inferior vena cava

Question 17

where is lymph returned to eventually?

Answer 17

central veins in the root of the neck

Question 18

what is a feature of the epicardium?

Answer 18

visceral serous pericardium

Question 19

what is the myocardium made of?

Answer 19

cardiac muscle

Question 20

what is a feature of the endocardium?

Answer 20

continuous with the endothelium of blood vessels connecting with heart

Question 21

where do the common iliac arteries supply blood to?

Answer 21

lower limbs
pelvis/perineum

Question 22

what makes up a neurovascular bundle?

Answer 22

nerve, artery, vein