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anatomy 2 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Integumentary System (6)

A
  1. Barrier: both physical and chemical
  2. Immunologic: antigen processing to appropriate effector cells in the lymphatic system
  3. Homeostasis: in regards to temperature/water loss
  4. Convey sensory information
  5. Endocrine: secretes hormones, cytokines, growth factors. Production and activation of Vit D
  6. Excretion: sweat
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2
Q

Two main layers of the skin

and 1 non layer of skin

A
  1. Epidermis: stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. Avascular. Consists of keratinocytes (skin cells)
  2. Dermis: 2 layers- loose connective tissue followed by dense irregular connective tissue
  3. Hypodermis: not a layer of skin-layer of subcutaneous tissue
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3
Q

Layers of the Epidermis (5)

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

A
  1. Stratum Corneum: most superficial-dead keratinized cells
  2. Stratum Lucidum: THICK SKIN ONLY
  3. Stratum Granulosom: cells that are about to die
  4. Stratum Spinosum: maturing and slowly dying cells
  5. Stratum Basale: can differentiate (stem cells)

Avascular

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4
Q

Function of Keratinocytes

specialized epidermal cell

A
  1. Most important-90%
  2. Specialized apoptosis to keep cells stable

Keratin: tough protein

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5
Q

Function of Melanocytes

specialized epidermal cell

A

Produce melanin (pigment)

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6
Q

Function of Langerhans

Specialized epidermal cell

A

Dentritic-antigen presenting cells

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7
Q

Merkel Cells

Specialized epidermal cells

A

Sensory

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8
Q

Dermis functions/contents

A
  1. Gives strength and elasticity to skin
  2. Contains: epidermal appendages, nerve corpuscles, and glands
  3. Contains smooth muscle that move hairs
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9
Q

Dermis Papillary layer

A
  1. Loose connective tissue (more cells)
  2. Contains blood vessels
  3. Predominantly type 1 and type III collagen fibers
  4. Elastic fibers are threadlike and form an irregular network
  5. Relatively thin and contains Meisner corpuscles
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10
Q

Dermis Reticular layer

Think network

A
  1. Much thicker than the papillary layer
  2. Dense irregular connective tissue (less cells)
  3. Mostly type 1 collagen
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11
Q

Dermal Papillae

A

Fingerlike connective tissue protrusions

Fingerprints

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12
Q

Eccrine Sweat Glands

A
  1. Connect to the surface of the skin by a coiled duct
  2. Deep in the dermis
  3. Most numerous on the palms and soles
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13
Q

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Merocrine

A
  1. Anchored deep in the dermis
  2. Open into hair follicles
  3. Located in armpits/ genital area

More viscous

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14
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A
  1. Most open into hair follicles
  2. Must numerous on face/scalp
  3. Can also be in hairless places (lips)
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15
Q

Ceruminous Glands

A
  1. Modified sweat glands
  2. Located in the ear canal
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16
Q

What is the function of arrector pili muscle?

A

Pull hair shaft into upright position

17
Q

Hair Texture

A
  1. Straight: round
  2. Wavy: oval
  3. Curly: elliptical (kidney bean)
18
Q

Hair Colour

A

Dark: melanin like that found in skin
Blonde/Red: melanin contains sulfur/iron
Gray: lose enzyme thats produces melanin
White: air bubbles

19
Q

What do the nails come from?

A

Stratum Corneum (heavily cornified)

20
Q

Where do nails come from?

A

Stratum corneum

Lanula: white part

21
Q

Free Nerve Endings

A
  1. Most numerous-terminate in the stratum granulosom
  2. Pain and temperature
  3. Surround most hair follicles
22
Q

Merkel’s Corpuscle

A
  1. Detect touch sensations
  2. Most abundant in fingertips
  3. Cytoplasm contains neurosecretory granules
  4. Express antigenic markers of both epidermal and neural type
23
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle

A
  1. Detect pressure and vibration
  2. Deep dermis and hypodermis
  3. Capsule structure with myelinated nerve surrounding
24
Q

Meisner’s Corpuscle

A
  1. Detect fine vibration low frequency stimuli
  2. Consist of flattened schwann cells that form several irregular lamellae

Q tip like

25
Q

Ruffini’s

A
  1. Detect stretch and torque
  2. Fluid filled space that have thin connective tissue capsule

anatomy 2 (8 decks)

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