Voorbereidende opdracht 2 AF! Flashcards
What is meant by the “inverse problem”?
(A) The problem of computing the locations of an electrical signal measured at the scalp
(B) The problem of linking the ERP waveform with cognitive processes
(C) The problem of calculating when a signal measured at the scalp was generated by the brain
(D) The problem of linking ERP data to that from single-cell recording
a
What name is given to denote changes in electrical activity measured at the scalp that are time-locked to a particular event or stimulus?
(A) Dipole modeling
(B) Event-related potentials
(C) Endogenous components
(D) Priming
b
What is typically recorded in the method of single-cell recording?
(A) The number of action potentials per second
(B) The amplitude of action potentials
(C) The electrical activity at the scalp
(D) The change in blood flow associated with neural activity
a
EEG represents a comparison, between two or more different sites, of which of the following?
(A) Voltage
(B) Euclidean distance
(C) White matter density
(D) Phase synchrony
a
What is meant by “temporal coding” of neurons?
(A) The way in which neurons in the temporal lobe code information
(B) The synchrony between the firing of different neurons may code information
(C) The firing of neurons becomes more rapid if it codes that information
(D) The location in the brain is used to code certain types of information
b
Why does an EEG signal need to be averaged over many trials to generate an ERP?
(A) EEG has a poor spatial resolution
(B) EEG has a low signal:noise ratio
(C) The scalp potentials from a single EEG trial are too weak to measure
(D) To ensure that the ERP is reliable over time
b
Why do eye movements associated with blinking need to be factored out in ERP studies?
(A) Blinking shifts the timing of ERP peaks
(B) The participant may miss the stimulus when they blink
(C) The muscle movement generates an electrical signal
(D) To reduce the signal:noise ratio
c
What does the term P300 refer to?
(A) A peak at 300 msec arising from a parietal region
(B) The 300th positive peak
(C) A positive peak at around 300 msec
(D) A peak at 300 msec that is detected at a parietal electrode
c
Sternberg’s (1969) additive factors method is concerned with which of the following?
(A) Exploring the influence of drugs on reaction time
(B) Using reaction times to divide cognition into a series of stages
(C) Measuring factors that affect mental arithmetic
(D) Understanding why some people are faster than others
b
Which method is rarely used in humans?
(A) ERP method
(B) Single-cell recording
(C) MEG
(D) fMRI
b
Properties of the world that are manifested in cognitive and neural systems are called:
(A) Computational models
(B) Hierarchies
(C) Simplexes
(D) Representations
d
Which of the following statements is true about event-related potentials?
(A) They are invasive
(B) They have a good temporal resolution
(C) They give good information about where the neural activity originates from
(D) They are based on blood-oxygen levels
b
The physiological basis of the EEG signal originates in which of the following?
(A) Postsynaptic dendritic currents
(B) Axonal currents
(C) Somatic currents
(D) Neurotransmitter concentrations
a
In which part of the brain does synaptic density not reach adult levels until adolescence?
(A) Primary visual cortex
(B) Primary auditory cortex
(C) Prefrontal cortex
(D) Primary motor cortex
c
Which of the following statements about human brain development is FALSE?
(A) Asymmetries between left and right hemispheres are present before birth
(B) The volume of the brain is relatively stable by 5 years of age
(C) The hemodynamic response function (basis for fMRI signal) is stable by about 7 years of age
(D) The proportion of white and gray matter is stable by about 10 years of age
d
