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Beta-gamma Cognitie > Voorbereidende opdracht 4 AF! > Flashcards

Voorbereidende opdracht 4 AF! Flashcards

1
Q

Consider the word “thinking.” Which of the following statements is TRUE?

(A) It contains 2 morphemes
(B) It contains 8 phonemes
(C) It is an adjective
(D) It contains 3 syllables

A

a

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2
Q

According to some theories, action concepts may depend on the frontal lobes more than other kinds of concept because:

(A) Actions are related to motor processes
(B) Action concepts are harder to retrieve
(C) Actions are related to verbs
(D) Actions are more abstract than other concepts

A

a

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3
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area?

(A) At the junction of the inferior parietal lobe and occipital lobe
(B) At the junction of the inferior temporal lobe and occipital lobe
(C) At the junction of the frontal lobe and parietal lobe
(D) At the junction of the superior temporal lobe and parietal lobe

A

d

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4
Q

After lesions to the amygdala, human patients typically fail to:

(A) Display facial expressions
(B) Recognize previously familiar people
(C) Show a skin conductance response to an electric shock
(D) Show a skin conductance response to a neutral stimulus previously associated with an electric shock

A

d

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5
Q

Damage to the insula is associated with impairment to which emotional category?

(A) Anger
(B) Fear
(C) Disgust
(D) Sadness

A

c

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6
Q

Haidt (2003) refers to emotions such as guilt and pride as:

(A) Moral emotions
(B) Basic emotions
(C) Appraisals
(D) Social emotions

A

a

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7
Q

Which of the following two statements about autistic children are true? (A) They are impaired at detecting the direction of eye gaze; (B) They are impaired at using gaze information to predict behavior.

(A) (A) only
(B) (B) only
(C) (A) and (B)
(D) Neither (A) nor (B)

A

b

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8
Q

What name is given to the process of matching a perceptual description of a word on to a stored memory description of that word?

(A) Semantic retrieval
(B) Lexical access
(C) Lexicalization
(D) Co-articulation

A

b

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9
Q

Which of the following is an assumption of the sensory-functional account of category-specific impairments in semantic memory?

(A) Animals are defined more by their sensory properties than are inanimate objects
(B) Fruit and vegetables are defined more by their sensory properties than are animals
(C) Some categories may be innate
(D) Animals are harder to perceive than inanimate objects because they are physically similar

A

a

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10
Q

What term is given to impaired muscular contractions of the articulatory apparatus (in the absence of weakness of musculature)?

(A) Broca’s aphasia
(B) Anomia
(C) Dysarthria
(D) Wernicke’s aphasia

A

c

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11
Q

What is a phoneme?

(A) A linguistic unit occupying an intermediate position between morpheme and phrase
(B) A minimal contrastive unit of speech
(C) The rules that specify how words can be combined into sentences
(D) Melodic aspects of speech (including stress, intonation)

A

b

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12
Q

What term refers to the fact that the production of one phoneme is influenced by the preceding and proceeding phonemes?

(A) Voicing
(B) Tonotopic organization
(C) Categorical perception
(D) Co-articulation

A

d

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13
Q

What is the hub-and-spoke model a model of?

(A) Speech production
(B) Semantic memory
(C) Speech perception
(D) Syntax

A

b

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14
Q

Which test do children with autism do particularly well on?

(A) Sally–Anne test
(B) Embedded figures test
(C) Deception tests
(D) Recognizing expressions such as admiring or scheming

A

b

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15
Q

Which of the following is not considered to be one of the six basic emotional categories?

(A) Anger
(B) Surprise
(C) Love
(D) Disgust

A

c

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16
Q

Which of the following statements about the P600 is FALSE?

(A) It is found when a sentence is grammatical but meaningless
(B) It is found for garden-path sentences
(C) It is found when a sentence is ungrammatical
(D) It is greatest over fronto-parietal electrode sites

A

a

17
Q

Which of the following has NOT been put forward as an explanation for Broca’s aphasia?

(A) It is a deficit of speech perception
(B) It is a deficit of syntax
(C) It is a deficit of speech production
(D) It is a deficit in working memory

A

a

18
Q

The process of using an emotional response from another person in order to influence one’s own emotional reaction to an otherwise neutral object is termed:

(A) Social referencing
(B) Conditioned taste aversion
(C) Phobic conditioning
(D) Instrumental conditioning

A

a

19
Q

What name is given to pathological word-finding difficulties?

(A) Dysarthria
(B) Anomia
(C) Apraxia of speech
(D) Amusia

A

b

20
Q

Which part of the brain contains neurons that are particularly sensitive to the direction of eye gaze?

(A) Fusiform gyrus
(B) Superior temporal sulcus
(C) Inferior temporal sulcus
(D) Medial prefrontal cortex

A

b

21
Q

Which region of the brain may be essential for the generation of a skin conductance response?

(A) Ventromedial frontal lobe
(B) Anterior cingulate
(C) Amygdala
(D) Insula

A

b

22
Q

What term is given to impaired muscular contractions of the articulatory apparatus (in the absence of weakness of musculature)?

(A) Broca’s aphasia
(B) Anomia
(C) Dysarthria
(D) Wernicke’s aphasia

A

c

23
Q

The N400 has been associated with what kind of cognitive process?

(A) Selecting between two similar words
(B) Detecting a non-word
(C) Integrating a word into a semantic context
(D) Dividing a word into morphemes

A

c

24
Q

What is the central feature of the ““cohort model””?

(A) Spoken words are recognized by matching them on to motor codes for speech production
(B) Spoken words are recognized by two distinct “what” and “how” routes
(C) Many different words are initially activated in parallel but the number of words activated dwindles over time
(D) Many semantically similar words are initially activated but only the correct meaning is eventually chosen

A

C

25
Q

How does simulation theory account for empathy?

(A) By assuming that empathy is dependent on processes involved in higher-order reasoning such as executive functions
(B) By assuming a dedicated resource that represents the mental states of others
(C) By assuming that perceiving the actions and emotions of others uses the same resources as producing one’s own actions and emotions
(D) By assuming that it depends upon a theory-of-mind

A

C

26
Q

Which region of the brain is generally believed to store semantic knowledge?

(A) Parietal
(B) Frontal
(C) Occipital
(D) Temporal

A

D

27
Q

Which region of the brain has been implicated in reward prediction?

(A) Insula
(B) Amygdala
(C) Anterior cingulate
(D) Ventral striatum

A

D

28
Q

Damage to the amygdala is associated with impairment to which emotional category?

(A) Disgust
(B) Happiness
(C) Surprise
(D) Fear

A

d

Beta-gamma Cognitie (5 decks)

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