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Biology > Unit 3 (gas exchange system and respiration) > Flashcards

Unit 3 (gas exchange system and respiration) Flashcards

1
Q

In human, how the gases are exchanged?

A

Gases are exchanged between blood and air in the lungs.

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2
Q

What is difference between respiration and breathing?

A

Respiration is the chemical reaction which produce energy for cells to work while breathing is a mechanism which allow the gas to move in and out of the lungs, allowing gas exchange.

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3
Q

If cells respire aerobically, they need oxygen from ——–.

A

Blood

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4
Q

How are lungs enclosed in body?

A

Lungs are enclosed in the thorax by the rib cage and diaphragm.

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5
Q

What are intercoastal muscles?

A

Intercoastal muscles are two sets of muscles which join rib bones to next.

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6
Q

What does diaphragm do?

A

Diaphragm separates the contents of thorax from the contents of abdomen.

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7
Q

Where does air pass down, when it enters our nose?

A

Trachea

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8
Q

What does trachea split into?

A

Bronchus

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9
Q

What does each bronchus divides into?

A

Bronchioles

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10
Q

Where does the air pass down from trachea end?

A

Alveoli

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11
Q

What are 2 things needed for human to move?

A

muscles and energy

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12
Q

Lung can be easily damaged.

A

True

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13
Q

Bones can move.

A

False

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14
Q

Where does gas exchange with blood in human body take place?

A

Alveoli

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15
Q

What does the wall of the trachea and bronchi contain?

A

Rings of cartilage

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16
Q

What does rings of cartilage do?

A

It support the trachea keep the air line open when air breaths in.

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17
Q

What does pleural membranes form?

A

Pleural membranes formed continuous envelope around the lungs forming air tight seal.

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18
Q

What does the space between pleural membranes call?

A

Pleural cavity

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19
Q

What does pleural cavity contain?

A

Pleural fluid

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20
Q

What doe pleural fluid do?

A

It acts as lubrication to prevent lungs from sticking to the surface of the chest.

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21
Q

Where is esophagus located?

A

it is located behind the trachea.

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22
Q

What does rings of cartilage shape like C?

A

Since the open part of the ring is next to esophagus, when the food pass along esophagus, it allows lumps of food to pass more easily.

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23
Q

What does some cells on the line of trachea secrete?

A

Mucus

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24
Q

What do some cells which lined the trachea covered with?

A

Cilia

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25
Q

How does cilia beat?

A

Back and forth

26
Q

What does mucus do?

A

Mucus traps the dirt particles and bacteria that entered the trachea.

27
Q

Why smokers tend to take out mucus themselves?

A

Smoking destroys the cilia which takes out the mucus from the mouth, so having them damaged, smoker tend to take out mucus by themselves.

28
Q

How does the air flow?

A

From high pressure to low pressure

29
Q

What is ventilation?

A

Process of air entering and existing the lungs.

30
Q

Which 2 movement is important in ventilation?

A

Movement of intercostal muscles and diaphragm.

31
Q

What happened to our thorax when we inhale?

A

our external intercostal muscles contract and our internal intercostals muscles relax pushing the ribs up and out. and the diaphragm contrast changing its dome shape into flatter shape which increase the volume of the thorax causing slight drop in pressure than the atmosphere, allowing air to enter the lungs.

32
Q

What happened to our thorax when we exhale heavily?

A

our internal intercostal muscles contract and our external intercostals muscles relax pulling the ribs down and in. and the diaphragm relax returning to its dome shape which decrease the volume of the thorax causing increase in pressure than the atmosphere’s, allowing air to exist the lungs.

33
Q

The lungs are elastic.

A

True

34
Q

We use internal intercostals during shallow breathing.

A

False

35
Q

The internal intercostal muscles contract during inhaling.

A

False

36
Q

What is pressure relation to volume?
more volume —-> —–.
less volume —–> —–.

A

Less pressure
More pressure

37
Q

During exhalation, the volume expands.

A

False

38
Q

What will happen if O2 in atmosphere is more than we have now?

A

Our size will increase

39
Q

How does alveoli exchange gases?

A

By diffusion

40
Q

What does alveoli have for gas exchange?

A

Alveoli have large surface area for better diffusion

Its walls of alveolar are one cells think which its distance is small

Constant blood flows maintain the concentration gradient

Oxygen is dissolved in the thin layer of fluid lining the inside of alveoli which are then passed through alveolar wall into the blood.

41
Q

Where does deoxygenated blood pump from?

A

Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs and passes through the capillaries surroundings the alveoli.

42
Q

Difference between oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood?

A

oxygenated blood have more oxygen and less carbon dioxide while deoxygenated blood has less oxygen and more carbon dioxide.

43
Q

How thick are walls of alveoli?

A

One cell thick

44
Q

Which maintain the concentration gradient in alveoli?

A

Constant blood flow of in the capillaries around the alveoli.

45
Q

Where does oxygen dissolve before it passes through the alveolar wall into the blood?

A

Thin layer of fluid lining the inside of alveoli

46
Q

What happened if there is less number of cilia?

A

The mucus won’t be swept away from the mouth easily.

47
Q

What is the source of smoker’s cough?

A

Sticky mucus blocking the air ways.

48
Q

What does infections from bacteria in the mucus cause?

A

Bronchitin

49
Q

What does smoking do to the walls of alveoli?

A

Smoking cause emphysema, where the wall of alveoli are broken down and fuses together forming irregular air space reducing surface area for gas exchange.

50
Q

What does cigarette contain?

A

Carcinogens, nicotine

51
Q

How many chemicals does cigarette smoke contain?

A

More than 7000

52
Q

What chemical does cigarette contain?

A

Cigarette contain carbon monoxide, arsenic, ammonia, formaldehyde, cyanide and toluene.

53
Q

What are carcinogens?

A

Carcinogens are chemical that can cause cancer

54
Q

What is cancer?

A

Cancer is where a cell become mutated and divide uncontrollably making multiple cells forming a tumor.

55
Q

Lung cancer is painful.

A

False

56
Q

What does carbon monoxide do to our body?

A

Carbon monoxide entered the blood stream and interferes with the ability of blood to carry oxygen by combining with haemoglobin.

57
Q

Oxygen can combine with hemoglobin much more tightly than carbon monoxide can

A

False

58
Q

What does carbon monoxide combining with hemoglobin form?

A

Carboxyhaemoglobin

59
Q

What is one of the major cause of heart disease?

A

carbon monoxide from smoking

60
Q

Why smokers tend to gain weight when they stop smoking?

A

Nicotine in cigarette depress appetite.

61
Q

Which methods are used to help smokers to give up smoking?

A

They are given nicotine gums, patches and vapes.

Biology (14 decks)

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