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Anatomy UE > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic Nervous System other names

A

visceral nervous system” or “visceral motor system”

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2
Q

Autonomic Nervous System consist of what type of fibers

A

Motor (efferent fibers) and Afferent fibers

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3
Q

Motor (efferent fibers)

A

which travel to an end organ
Smooth muscle (viscera, blood vessels)
Modified cardiac muscle
Glandular cells

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4
Q

Glandular cells

A

A type of cell that makes mucus and is found in tissue that lines the inner part of the cervix.

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5
Q

when is the ANS active in the viscera

A

ANS is ALWAYS active in the viscera, to provide a “basal tone”

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6
Q

getting to the target in the Somatic system

A

primary neuron leaves CNS and directly innervates the effector organ

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7
Q

getting to the target in the autonomic system

A

At least 1 peripheral synapse

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8
Q

2 divisions of the efferent ANS

A

Sympathetic division
Parasympathetic division
Most organs are innervated by both (dual innervation)

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9
Q

Sympathetic division is found in what area of the spine

A

thoracolumbar

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10
Q

Parasympathetic division is found in what divsion of the back

A

craniosacral

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11
Q

how many neurons are involved in passing impluses from the CNS to the efferent organ

A

2 neurons

Presynaptic (aka preganglionic)
Postsynaptic (aka postganglionic)

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12
Q

Presynaptic cell body location

A

in the CNS grey matter

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13
Q

Postsynaptic cell body location - general

A

outside the CNS, in autonomic ganglia of thorax, abdomen, or pelvis

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14
Q

how can you tell if a neuron is part of the para or sym system​

A

Location of presynaptic cell bodies
Which nerves conduct the presynaptic fibers from the CNS

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15
Q

how are the postsynaptic neurons of sym and para differ

A

postsynaptic neurons liberate different neurotransmitters

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16
Q

what NT do sym postsynaptic neurons give off

A

generally norepinephrine

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17
Q

what NT do para postsynapatic neurons give off

A

generally acetylcholine

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18
Q

what is the role of the sym NS

A

catabolic system
“Fight-or-flight” response – enables the ​body to deal with stress

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19
Q

what is the function of the sym NS

A

Primary function = regulate blood vessels
Generally, ↑ sympathetic signals = vasoconstriction
Exceptions: coronary vessels, skeletal muscle, and external genitalia

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20
Q

what is role of the para sysmtem

A

Homeostatic or anabolic system
“Rest and digest

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21
Q

how far does the sympathetic systems reach

A

goes to all parts of the body
Exceptions: avascular tissues (cartilage, nails)

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22
Q

length of pre and postsynaptic fibers in the sym system

A

Presynaptic fibers are short
Sympathetic ganglia are close to the midline of the body
Postsynaptic fibers are long
Need to travel all over the body

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23
Q

in the sym NS Cell bodies of presynaptic neurons are located where

A

ALL in the intermediolateral cell columns (IMLs) or nuclei of the spinal cord

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24
Q

where do we find IMLs

A

The R and L IMLs are part of gray matter in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

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25
Q

IMLs are organized

A

SOMATOTOPICALLY

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26
Q

SOMATOTOPICALLY

A

when a specific part of the body is associated with a distinct location in the central nervous system.

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27
Q

Cell bodies of postsynaptic neurons are in 2 locations

A

Paravertebral ganglia
Prevertebral ganglia

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28
Q

Prevertebral ganglia found in

A

In plexuses surrounding the abdominal aorta

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29
Q

Paravertebral ganglia

A

Linked; form R and L sympathetic trunks on each side of the vertebral column, from the base of the skull to the coccyx

30
Q

Presynaptic neurons in the sym NS exit where

A

exit spinal cord through VENTRAL roots
exit ventral rami and pass through WHITE RAMI COMMUNICANTES to enter SYMPATHETIC TRUNKS

31
Q

Presynaptic neurons in the sym NS enter where

A

enter VENTRAL rami of spinal nerves T1 through L2-L3

32
Q

After entering the sympathetic trunks, fibers will take 1 of 4 possible courses

A

Ascend and synapse with a postganglionic neuron

Descend and synapse with a postganglionic neuron

Enter and synapse immediately (at the same level)

Pass through the sympathetic trunk without synapsing – continue through an abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve to reach the prevertebral ganglia

33
Q

what is the target for nerve that travels through the splanchnic nerve

A

Fibers that provide autonomic innervation to the abdominal viscera take the 4th course

34
Q

Ratio of presynaptic:postsynaptic fibers in te sym NS

A

approximately 1:30 or more

35
Q

General Functions of the postsynaptic fiber of the SNS

A

pilomotion
vasomotion
sudomotion

36
Q

Vasomotion

A

contraction of BV

37
Q

Pilomotion

A

contraction of muscle in control of the hair – goose bumps

38
Q

Sudomotion

A

sweating

39
Q

what do Splanchnic Nerves carry

A

Convey visceral afferent AND efferent fibers to/from the viscera of the body cavities

40
Q

postsynaptic in Splanchnic Nerves carry

A

Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers to the heart, lungs, and esophagus travel through cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

41
Q

presynaptic in Splanchnic Nerves carry

A

Presynaptic sympathetic fibers to the abdominal organs (stomach, intestines) travel through abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

42
Q

Adrenal Gland other name

A

AKA suprarenal gland

43
Q

how do cell travel to adrenal glands

A

Some presynaptic sympathetic fibers pass through prevertebral ganglia without synapsing, and terminate directly on cells of the adrenal glands

Only expectation to the 2-neuron chain

44
Q

what do adrenal gland do

A

Adrenal gland medullary cells directly release neurotransmitters into the bloodstream  widespread sympathetic response in the body

45
Q

what does the adrenal gland release

A

adreniline

46
Q

Parasympathetic Division of ANS is located in what part of the SC

A

Craniosacral Division

47
Q

Parasympathetic Division of ANS main role

A

Works to conserve body energy

48
Q

Presynaptic parasympathetic cell bodies are located

A

2 sites

Gray matter of the brainstem, exiting via CN III, VII, IX, and X

Gray matter of S2-S4 segments of spinal cord, exiting via VENTRAL RAMI of S2-S4 spinal nerves and PELVIC SPLANCHNIC nerves

49
Q

Cranial outflow provides parasympathetic innervation where

A

to the head

50
Q

Sacral outflow provides parasympathetic innervation to where

A

to the pelvic viscera And the distal GI tract (descending and sigmoid colon, and rectum)

51
Q

4 peripheral ganglia, near the head:

A

Ciliary
Pterygopalatine
Submandibular
Otic

52
Q

Ciliary peripheral ganglia

A

associated with CN III, goes to pupil and ciliary muscle

53
Q

Pterygopalatine peripheral ganglia

A

associated with CN VII, goes to lacrimal gland

54
Q

Submandibular peripheral ganglia

A

associated with CN VII, goes to submandibular and sublingual glands

55
Q

Otic peripheral ganglia

A

Associated with CN IX, goes to parotid gland

56
Q

Vagus nerve (CN X) also has a lot of autonomic fibers

A

Lungs (bronchoconstriction) – do not need as much air in the lung

Heart (slows heart rate)– do not need as much blood flow

Esophagus (motility)

Stomach (secretions and motility)

Intestines (motility of small intestine and most of lg intestine)

57
Q

Parasympathetic vs. Sympathetic

A

PNS has less “reach” than SNS
Fewer ganglia
In parasympathetic, presynaptic fibers are very long and postsynaptic fibers are very short

58
Q

PNS has less “reach” than SNS

A

Does not reach the body wall or limbs (at all)

Except for S2-S4, parasympathetic fibers do not form components of spinal nerves or their branches

SNS presynaptic:postsynaptic neurons 1:30 ratio; PNS 1:1 or 1:few

59
Q

what is the Enteric Nervous System

A

disgestive tract NS

May be considered a 3rd component of the visceral motor system

Sometimes called a “second brain”

Very complex

Functions autonomously

60
Q

Enteric Nervous System plexuses

A

2 interconnected plexuses within the GI tract walls

Myenteric plexus
Submusocal plexus

61
Q

Myenteric plexus

A

In the walls of the smooth muscle of the GI tract

62
Q

Submusocal plexus

A

Deep to the gut lining

63
Q

parts of the plexus - in the entric NS

A

Motor neurons are greatly interconnected

Plexuses also have sensory (afferent) neurons that receive local input and stimulate the motor neurons that help with gut motility and immune function

64
Q

ANS function is mostly carried out by what kind of fibers

A

efferent fibers

65
Q

Afferent fibers important role too in the ANS

A

Provide information about the condition of the body’s internal environment

Afferent fibers relay this information to the CNS

CNS responds by triggering visceral and/or somatic reflexes

Efferent fibers carry out these responses on the effector organ (gland, smooth muscle)

66
Q

Visceral Sensation conscious

A

Typically unconscious

When it reaches a conscious level, typically felt as cramps or as poorly localized pain (a vague pain)

67
Q

Horner’s Syndrome caused by

A

occurs with spinal cord lesion at approximately T1 level

68
Q

Horner’s Syndrome presentations

A

Pupillary constriction
Anhidrosis – decrease sweating
Ptosis – droopy eyeline
Enophthalmos – posterior displacement of eyeball, further in the eyeball then normal
Absence of sweating in face & neck – normally on the side of the lesion

69
Q

Baroreceptors

A

afferent fibers in carotid sinus that detect change in BP

70
Q

Increased BP pathway

A

Afferent fibers activate pathways in brainstem that will inhibit sympathetic system, causing decreased peripheral vascular resistance
Afferent fibers also activate interneurons in the brainstem to increase vagus output, resulting in decreased HR and cardiac output

71
Q

Blood pressure meds often act upon what system

A

SNS

Anatomy UE (11 decks)

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