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Anatomy UE > Facial muscles > Flashcards

Facial muscles Flashcards

1
Q

where are the facial muscles embedded

A

in the the superficial facial

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2
Q

what kind of motor units does the facial muscle make

A

small motor units

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3
Q

proprioceptive feedback in the facial muscles

A

limited peripheral proprioceptive feedback.

few if any muscle receptors

Absence of joints and joint receptors

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4
Q

face muscle attach where

A

Muscles generally attached to bones of the skull and the skin.

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5
Q

relationship between facial orifices and facial muscles

A

Generally facial muscles surround facial orifices

(eyes, mouth, nostrils).

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6
Q

Functions of the face muscles

A

Protective and Facial expressions

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7
Q

Facial expressions general importance

A

convey mood during communication

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8
Q

protective function of the facial muscles

A

sphincters and dilators for facial orifices.

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9
Q

facial nerve motor component

A

Muscles of facial expression, Platysma, stylohyoid, digastric

Stapedius muscle of middle ear

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10
Q

facial nerve visceral component

A

Salivary glands
Lacrimal gland
Taste sensation of anterior 2/3 of the tongue

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11
Q

facial nerve sensory component

A

Sensation, small area around ear (post. Auricular)

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12
Q

the facial nerve does not do what in the face

A

Opening the eye (CN III)

Facial sensation and mastication (CN V – trigeminal)

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13
Q

Frontalis is the frontal belly of what

A

Occipitofrontalis muscle

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14
Q

Frontalis is part of what part of the head

A

Part of scalp
No bone attachment

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15
Q

Frontalis main action

A

Elevates the eyebrows
Wrinkles forehead

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16
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Encircles the eye
Eye closure
Encourages flow of tears

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17
Q

Corrugator Supercilli

A

Knits eyebrows together

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18
Q

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

A

Not muscle of facial expression
Opening of the eyes
Not CN VII (CN III)
Elevates upper eyelid – continuously active

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19
Q

Nasalis

A

Compresses and flares the nostril
Draws the nostril down

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20
Q

Procerus

A

Draws the medial part of the eyebrow inferiorly

Wrinkling of the nose -VB

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21
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Encircles the mouth
Oral sphincter
Lip protrusion, compression, and puckering

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22
Q

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

A

Elevates alar cartilage of nose and upper lip

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23
Q

Levator labii superioris

A

Raises and everts the upper lip

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24
Q

Levator anguli oris

A

Elevates the corner of the mouth

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25
Q

Zygomaticus major and minor

A

Pulls mouth corners upward and outward

Smile

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26
Q

Risorius

A

Pulls mouth corners upward and outward (backward)

Smile - controlled, passport

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27
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

A

Draws lips inferiorly and laterally

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28
Q

Depressor anguli oris

A

Depresses corner of the mouth

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29
Q

Mentalis

A

Raise and protrude lower lip

Pout

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30
Q

Buccinator

A

Aids mastication and swallowing

Press the cheeks against the molar teeth during chewing

Whistling and sucking

31
Q

Platysma

A

Tenses the skin of neck

Draws the corners of the mouth inferiorly

Assist depressing mandible

32
Q

Facial expressions provide information about

A

basic and complex emotions

Cognitive activity, (perplexed, concentrating, or bored

Temperament and personality traits such as hostility, sociability or shyness

Truthfulness, leakage of concealed emotions, and lies

presence of a physical condition (anxiety, depression, Parkinson’s)

33
Q

Education facial expression

A

Teacher’s expressions influence whether the pupils learn

34
Q

Criminal Justice System
facial expression

A

help establish or detract crediblity​

35
Q

Business Matters
facial expression

A

important in negotiations​ and making personal decisions

36
Q

Leadership Roles
facial expression

A

leaders’​ expressions regarding important matters can influence citizen and other leaders

37
Q

Recognizing Anger

A

Eyebrows are lowered and pulled together to form wrinkles in the skin of the forehead (glabella)

Tensed and straightened lower eyelids, with tension in lips and mouth.

Raised upper eyelids causing a glaring look.

Pressed lips with a slight pushing up of the chin boss.

38
Q

Recognizing Happiness

A

Narrowing of the eyelids
Crow’s feet wrinkling at the corners of the eyes,
Raised outer and upper area of the cheeks
Lips parted in a smile with teeth showing

39
Q

Recognizing Sadness

A

Eyebrows are lowered and pulled together to form wrinkles in the skin of the forehead (glabella)

Tensed lower eyelids, with tension in lips and mouth.

Widened, and depressed lips, with a slight push up of the chin boss.

40
Q

Recognizing Disgust

A

Wrinkling of nose
Elevated lips
Eyebrows may be drawn close to each other
Head turned away from the noxious or disgusting stimulus.

41
Q

Recognizing Fear

A

Raised eyebrows
Jaw may be dropped
Lips widened or drawn downwards

42
Q

Recognizing Pain

A

Cheek-raising, upper lip raising, lip-corner pulling, lips parting, mouth opening and eye closure or blinking” – Craig and Patrick, 1985

“….involving brow lowering, skin drawn tightly around the eyes, and a horizontally stretched open mouth with deepening of the nasolabial furrow

43
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Most common cause of facial paralysis (50%)
Unilateral facial paralysis

44
Q

Risk Factors for bells palsy

A

3X higher during pregnancy (3rd trimester & early postpartum period)

Hypertension

Diabetes

45
Q

Etiology for bells palsy

A

Mostly viral

Vascular origin such as ischemia of facial nerve

Fluid retention

Immune-mediated inflammatory response to some vaccines (however this data is uncertain)

Compression due to a tumor or neoplasm

46
Q

example of a ​virus that cause bells palsy​

A

Herpes Simplex, influenza

47
Q

Vascular origin of bells is a high risk with what disea

A

Diabetes Mellitus

48
Q

when do we see fluid retention​ that is related to bells

A

pregnancy & pre-eclampsia

49
Q

Mechanism of Bell’s palsy

A

Compression of the facial nerve in the narrowest part of the canal (labyrinthine portion) due to inflammation

50
Q

what type of onset does Bell’s Palsy have

A

Sudden onset

hours, peak facial muscle weakness or paralysis seen within 48-72 hrs

51
Q

Bell’s Palsy recovery time

A

Complete recovery within 1-3 months in more than 85% of those affected

52
Q

Bell’s Palsy relapse

A

7 to 15% have relapses

53
Q

Bell’s Palsy long recovery

A

1/3 of individuals may have late recovery (9 months) or incomplete recovery

54
Q

Bell’s Palsy recovery is based on what

A

how badly the nerve was impacted

55
Q

Risk factors for incomplete recovery in Bell’s Palsy

A

older age, DM, BP, pregnancy, genetic predisposition, no sign of recovery in first month

56
Q

Bell’s Palsy those who do not recovery have what

A

tightness, contracture, twitching and/or synkinesis

57
Q

Bell’s Palsy - Synkinesis

A

moving together

Voluntary movement of one facial muscle is accompanied by an involuntary movement of another muscle

Due to abnormal facial nerve fiber regrowth.

E.g., ocular-oral movement.

This occurs when there is fiber regrowth that is not very organized

58
Q

Bell’s Palsy- Inability to smile, raise eyebrows, etc (facial muscle weakness)

A

yes

59
Q

Bell’s Palsy- Drooling

A

yes

60
Q

Bell’s Palsy-Increased wrinkles

A

no – no wrinkles form because of decreased use of muscle in the face

61
Q

Bell’s Palsy- Feel their face

A

yes
trigeminal nerve - V

62
Q

Bell’s Palsy- Change in taste (distorted)

A

maybe – depending on what part of the canal is affected this can affect the taste

63
Q

Bell’s Palsy- Hyperacusis

A

maybe

64
Q

Bell’s Palsy- Decreased tearing

A

maybe – the facial nerve gives out branch to lacrimal gland

65
Q

Bell’s Palsy- Increased tearing (crocodile tears)

A

maybe - new fibers my lead to excess tear formation

66
Q

Bell’s Palsy- Decrease in saliva

A

maybe

67
Q

Bell’s Palsy- Jaw muscle weakness

A

no – the facial nerve does not supply the muscle of the mandible

68
Q

Hyperacusis

A

a disorder in loudness perception

69
Q

Bell’s Palsy- What would you expect to see?

A

Eating
Drinking
Speaking
Dry eye and mouth
Decreased eye protection
Compromised Oral Hygiene
Psychological impact – Depression/Anxiety

70
Q

Bell’s Palsy - Differential Diagnosis

A

Lyme Disease
Guillain Barre Syndrome
Sjogren’ syndrome
Tumors in the parotid gland
Herpes Zoster infection

71
Q

Bell’s Palsy - Common treatments, most effective​

A

Glucocorticoids

72
Q

Bell’s Palsy - Common treatments, eyes

A

most effective - Adequate eye care (eye lubrication or ointment) to prevent corneal abrasions and dryness.

73
Q

Bell’s Palsy - Common treatments, minimal benefits

A

Anti-viral therapy (evidence shows little to no benefit when combined with glucocorticoids vs glucocorticoids alone)

Facial exercise or retraining with/or without EMG feedback.

Surgical decompression is not recommended.

Facial plastic surgery to improve facial symmetry for those with contractures and residual paralysis.

Anatomy UE (11 decks)

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