Chapter 10 (E1) Flashcards

1
Q

The sleep center and wakeness center is located where in the body?

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

What is a state of consciousness characterized by the physiologic shanked of reduced BP, HR, RR, along with decreased response to external stimuli?

A

Sleep

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3
Q

Sleep is divided into 5 stages, what are they?

A

4 stages of NREM sleep
1 stage of REM

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4
Q

What is the lightest level of sleep?
Easily awakened

A

Stage 1 NREM

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5
Q

Muscle tone, pulse, bp, and RR are reduced during what stage of sleep?

A

Stage 4 NREM

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6
Q

What stage of sleep does the pulse, bp and RR increase, dreaming occurs, and rapid eye movement?

A

REM stage

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7
Q

Inability to sleep is called?
This is an age related change

A

Insomnia

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8
Q

What is a delay in the onset of sleep, that increases with age

A

Sleep latency

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9
Q

What is the relative percentage of time in bed spent asleep?

A

Sleep efficiency

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10
Q

What are some drugs that may cause daytime sleepiness?

A

Antiarrhythmics
SSRI
Antihistamine
Clonidine

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11
Q

When body pain interferes with sleep, what medication is the most effective?

A

Analgesics

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12
Q

What are effects of caffeine?

A

Restlessness
Nervousness
Increased HR
Reduced peripheral vascular resistance

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13
Q

What type of snack should a patient have at bedtime?

A

Warm snack containing protein

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14
Q

What condition is frequently accompanied by insomnia?

A

Depression

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15
Q

What drugs should be avoided with dementia patients for bed?

A

Sedatives
Antipsychotics

They may alter the sleep-wake cycle

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16
Q

What is a sleep disorder that has recurrent episodes of cessation of respiration. Patient may be apneic for 10 seconds to 2 minutes

A

Sleep apnea

17
Q

Type of sleep apnea:
Cessation of respiratory efforts both diaphragmatic and intercostal

A

Central sleep apnea (CSA)

18
Q

Type of sleep apnea:
Most common in older adults
Airflow ceases because of complete or partial air obstruction.
Caused by obesity, thick neck, narrow airway, deviated septum.
Reports of loud snoring or choking sound while sleeping

A

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

19
Q

What are treatments to manage sleep apnea?

A

Weight loss
Avoid alcohol
CPAP machine
Sleeping on side
Nasal sprays
Sleep meds

20
Q

Type of sleep apnea:
Occurs when a persons treating OSA with CPAP are found to also have CSA during initial therapy.

A

Complex sleep apnea syndrome
(CompSAS)

21
Q

Type of sleep disorder: repetitive kicking leg movements throughout the night most often during NREM sleep?

A

Periodic limb movement in sleep (PLMS)

22
Q

What is the first line of therapy for PLMS?

A

Dopamine agonists (DA)

23
Q

What should be eliminated from patients diet with PLMS?

A

Caffeine and alcohol

24
Q

What is a scale that measures feelings of sleepiness and tiredness at specific times?

A

The Epworth Sleepiness scale (ESS)

25
Q

What instrument is used to subjectively measure sleep quality and includes 5 additional questions for bed partner?

A

Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index

26
Q

What 2 drugs are the recommended sleep aids?

A

Ramelteon
Suvorexant

27
Q

Strenuous exercise should be avoided how long before bed?

A

2 hrs

28
Q

What is a Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) That demonstrate some effectiveness in healthy adults by decreasing sleep latency an increasing sleep duration when used for three months or less

A

Melatonin