Chapter 10 (E1)

Question 1

The sleep center and wakeness center is located where in the body?

Answer 1

Hypothalamus

Question 2

What is a state of consciousness characterized by the physiologic shanked of reduced BP, HR, RR, along with decreased response to external stimuli?

Answer 2

Sleep

Question 3

Sleep is divided into 5 stages, what are they?

Answer 3

4 stages of NREM sleep
1 stage of REM

Question 4

What is the lightest level of sleep?
Easily awakened

Answer 4

Stage 1 NREM

Question 5

Muscle tone, pulse, bp, and RR are reduced during what stage of sleep?

Answer 5

Stage 4 NREM

Question 6

What stage of sleep does the pulse, bp and RR increase, dreaming occurs, and rapid eye movement?

Answer 6

REM stage

Question 7

Inability to sleep is called?
This is an age related change

Answer 7

Insomnia

Question 8

What is a delay in the onset of sleep, that increases with age

Answer 8

Sleep latency

Question 9

What is the relative percentage of time in bed spent asleep?

Answer 9

Sleep efficiency

Question 10

What are some drugs that may cause daytime sleepiness?

Answer 10

Antiarrhythmics
SSRI
Antihistamine
Clonidine

Question 11

When body pain interferes with sleep, what medication is the most effective?

Answer 11

Analgesics

Question 12

What are effects of caffeine?

Answer 12

Restlessness
Nervousness
Increased HR
Reduced peripheral vascular resistance

Question 13

What type of snack should a patient have at bedtime?

Answer 13

Warm snack containing protein

Question 14

What condition is frequently accompanied by insomnia?

Answer 14

Depression

Question 15

What drugs should be avoided with dementia patients for bed?

Answer 15

Sedatives
Antipsychotics

They may alter the sleep-wake cycle

Question 16

What is a sleep disorder that has recurrent episodes of cessation of respiration. Patient may be apneic for 10 seconds to 2 minutes

Answer 16

Sleep apnea

Question 17

Type of sleep apnea:
Cessation of respiratory efforts both diaphragmatic and intercostal

Answer 17

Central sleep apnea (CSA)

Question 18

Type of sleep apnea:
Most common in older adults
Airflow ceases because of complete or partial air obstruction.
Caused by obesity, thick neck, narrow airway, deviated septum.
Reports of loud snoring or choking sound while sleeping

Answer 18

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Question 19

What are treatments to manage sleep apnea?

Answer 19

Weight loss
Avoid alcohol
CPAP machine
Sleeping on side
Nasal sprays
Sleep meds

Question 20

Type of sleep apnea:
Occurs when a persons treating OSA with CPAP are found to also have CSA during initial therapy.

Answer 20

Complex sleep apnea syndrome
(CompSAS)

Question 21

Type of sleep disorder: repetitive kicking leg movements throughout the night most often during NREM sleep?

Answer 21

Periodic limb movement in sleep (PLMS)

Question 22

What is the first line of therapy for PLMS?

Answer 22

Dopamine agonists (DA)

Question 23

What should be eliminated from patients diet with PLMS?

Answer 23

Caffeine and alcohol

Question 24

What is a scale that measures feelings of sleepiness and tiredness at specific times?

Answer 24

The Epworth Sleepiness scale (ESS)

Question 25

What instrument is used to subjectively measure sleep quality and includes 5 additional questions for bed partner?

Answer 25

Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index

Question 26

What 2 drugs are the recommended sleep aids?

Answer 26

Ramelteon
Suvorexant

Question 27

Strenuous exercise should be avoided how long before bed?

Answer 27

2 hrs

Question 28

What is a Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) That demonstrate some effectiveness in healthy adults by decreasing sleep latency an increasing sleep duration when used for three months or less

Answer 28

Melatonin