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Geriatric Nursing (term 5) > Chapter 11 (MIDTERM) > Flashcards

Chapter 11 (MIDTERM) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the leading cause of fatal injuries or non injuries in older adults

A

Falls

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2
Q

What is the type of fall that refers to a series of falls that occur before the onset of illness or disease?

A

Prodromal falling

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3
Q

After a fall what are the key initial assessment points??

A

Level of consciousness
Circulation
Airway and breathing
Head to toe assessment and vitals after assessing the patient is stable

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4
Q

What are risk for falling with older adults?

A

Vision changes
Hearing changes
Cardiovascular factors
Musculoskeletal factors
Neurologic factors

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5
Q

In advancing years and eye glare may occur, causing temporary visual disturbances. What is this called?

A

Cataracts

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6
Q

Loss of high tone frequencies is called what

A

Presbycusis

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7
Q

What is age related changes affecting the inner ear?

A

Atrophy of the ossicle in the inner ear, which causes changes in sound conduction

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8
Q

Older individuals with hearing impairments are more susceptible to falling because of what?

A

The feedback to the brain is altered and balance is disrupted

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9
Q

With orthostatic hypotension it is important to educate the client on what

A

Change position slowly, and dangle the legs a few minutes once arising from a supine position

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10
Q

One of the most universal age related changes affecting the neurological system is what

A

Slowing in reaction time

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11
Q

What type of shoes are preferred for fall risk patients?

A

Leather sole
Low heeled with laces

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12
Q

How is fall risk categorized?

A

Intrinsic factors (illness or disease related)
Extrinsic (environmental)

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13
Q

As you are keeping your patient safe from falls, it is still important to keep in mind what?

A

Still have respect for the patients autonomy

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14
Q

What is the most commonly cited place where falls occur in the home?

A

Last step of the staircase

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15
Q

What interventions can help patients with reducing the risk of falling on steps

A

Teach individual to count the steps
Reinstalling new hand rails

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16
Q

What should be avoided in a shower for an older adult?

A

Bar soap

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17
Q

Type of intervention that alter behaviors to achieve positive outcomes.
This intervention first requires the patient to recognize the behaviors that are contributing to problems. It also requires the patients to make conscious attempts

A

Behavioral modification

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18
Q

What is the term bipedal/ambulatory mean with falls

A

The patient is upright or walking when they fall

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19
Q

What is the term nonbipedal with falls?

A

The patient is sitting or lying down when they fall

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20
Q

What is Isolated falling?

A

A fall that is a one-time event that was most likely purely accidental

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21
Q

What are Cluster falls?

A

A group of falls that are observed among individuals with specific diseases who decompensate

22
Q

What are premonitory falls?

A

Falls that are produced due to a specific medical illness.
Ex: new onset of stroke, seizure, positional vertigo

23
Q

What is prodromal falling?

A

Onset of frequent fall heralding an acute medical problem.
Ex: infection

24
Q

Type of fall:
Sudden leg weakness without loss of consciousness

A

Drop attack

25
Q

What are intentional falls?

A

An individual throws themself on the ground on purpose with the desire to do harm.
Common in older adults with depression

26
Q

Serious injury from falling is more likely to occur among those with?

A

Osteoporosis;
Weak bones, partially weight bearing bones, such as; femur are more susceptible to breaking

27
Q

Why may some patients become physically dependent after there first fall?

A

They fear falling and will avoid activities

28
Q

How can you assess the patients fear of falling?

A

Ask open ended questions;
“How do you define fear of falling, and what does it mean to you?”

29
Q

Is falling normal with the aging process?

A

No it is not normal, the patient should be assessed

30
Q

The fall acronym SPLATT helps further evaluate what might have happened before a fall. What is this acronym?

A

Symptoms at time of fall
Previous fall
Location of fall
Activity as time of fall
Time of fall
Trauma, post fall

31
Q

What is a helpful test for static balance?

A

Sternal nudge;
One examiner stands in front of patient, the other stands behind. The examiner pushes on the patients sternum. If the patient begins to lose balance and fall the test is considered positive

32
Q

What is the study of the interaction of effects of injury on the host, the environment, and the agent?

A

Injury epidemiology

33
Q

Hot water tank temperatures should be below what to prevent burns?

A

140°F

34
Q

What are the rules with cigarette smoking related to safety?

A

Never smoke in a bed or chair
Do not smoke after taking mind altering meds
Place all smoking debris in a container
Have a multipurpose “ABC” fire extinguisher available

35
Q

Kitchen fires are frequently the result of what in the older adult community

A

“Dry fires” from an unattended stove with water boiling in pan or kettle

36
Q

What are some fire safety tips

A

Home fire drills are recommended
Identification of exits and a meeting spot outside of the house

37
Q

What are signs of CO poisoning?

A

Feeling dizzy
Lightheaded
Nauseous

38
Q

Tips on how to prepare food safely

A

Wash hands
Wash all fruits and vegetables
Keep meat out of the danger zone 40°-140°F
Clean all surfaces before and after food preparation

39
Q

What is defined as the core body temp dropping down to less than 95° F

A

Hypothermia

40
Q

What does shivering do?

A

Increases rate of heat production for the body

41
Q

What are symptoms of hypothermia?

A

Fatigue
Apathy
Confusion
Lethargic
Shivering
Numb
Slurred speech
Possible coma

42
Q

When a patients temp drops below 93°F what may happen?

A

Cardiac arrhythmias
Brady arrhythmias

43
Q

What causes respiratory alkalosis with hypothermia?

A

Hyperventilation

44
Q

Disorder where the body reaches a core body temperature greater than 105° F

A

Hyperthermia

45
Q

Symptoms of hyperthermia are what?

A

Hot dry skin
CNS dysfunction: hallucinations, combativeness, bizarre behaviors

46
Q

What medication can help manage shivering?

A

Benzodiazepines

47
Q

Failure or refusal of a caregiver to provide an older adults basic needs

A

Neglect

48
Q

Occurs when an older adult is injured, assaulted, threatened

A

Physical assault

49
Q

The willful desertion of an older person by a caregiver or other responsible person

A

Abandonment

50
Q

Suicide in the older adult community is often associated with what?

A

Alcohol and drug dependence

Geriatric Nursing (term 5) (14 decks)

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