2022 Exam Flashcards
Health Impact Assessment (HIA)
a combination of procedures, methods, and tools by which a policy, program, or project may be judged in terms of its potential effects within the population
a process that helps evaluate the potential health effects of a plan, project, or policy before it is built or implemented
Bureau of Reclamation mission statement
To manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public
TND (Traditional Neighborhood Design)/Neo-Traditional/New Urbanism principles
Walkability, Connectivity, Mixed-Use and Diversity, Mixed Housing, Quality Architecture and Urban Design, Traditional Neighborhood Structure, Increased Density, Smart Transportation, Sustainability, Quality of Life
Who was important in New Urbanism?
All founders of CNU:
Calthorpe
Duany
Moule & Polyzoides
Plater-Zyberk
Solomon
Katz
WalkScore
provides walkability analysis and apartment search tools. Its flagship product is a large-scale, public access walkability index that assigns a numerical walkability score to any address
Euclid v Ambler
14th amendment; Ambler Realty owned a large piece of land in Euclid, Ohio, Euclid established a pyramidal zoning ordinance, Under this ordinance, Ambler’s land was under three zones, only one of which was industrial, which was worth the most, Ambler took the zoning ordinance to court, saying it was unfair because his land was worth less, Court claimed that zoning is lawful and so is the police power
Hadacheck v Sebastian
14th amendment; A state’s police power may be used to prohibit the operation of a lawful business to protect the community’s health and comfort as long as a state’s police power is not arbitrarily exercised; first approved the regulation of the location of land uses
Kelo v. New London
5th amendment; Economic development, even if it involves taking land for private development, is a valid use of eminent domain; triggered many new regulations on taking private property for public good
Telecommunications Act of 1996
An act to promote competition and reduce regulation in order to secure lower prices and higher quality services for American telecommunications consumers and encourage the rapid deployment of new telecommunications technologies.
Dillon’s Rule
The rights of cities are only those that have been specifically authorized by the state. Thirty-nine states employ Dillon’s rule to all municipalities, while eight states employ the rule for certain types of municipalities
Home Rule
Home Rule states are those in which cities have the right to develop their own regulations, except where the state has specifically stated otherwise.
Complete Streets
Safe, accessible, and convenient street that everyone can use regardless of age, ability, or mode of transportation. This means that motorists, bicyclists, pedestrians, and transit riders have sufficient infrastructure for safe access
Floodplain
A floodplain (or floodplain) is a generally flat area of land next to a river or stream. It stretches from the banks of the river to the outer edges of the valley
Watershed
A region drained by, or contributing water to, surface water.
Water table
The underground boundary between the soil surface and the area where groundwater saturates spaces between sediments and cracks in rock. Water pressure and atmospheric pressure are equal at this boundary.
Boomer Generation
1946-64
Census hierarchy
Shift Share
The analysis helps identify industries where a regional economy has competitive advantages over the larger economy; the most important data for an accurate shift-share analysis is employment count data to determine growth or decline in a specific industry and region.
Attempts to determine how much of a region’s growth can be attributed to national economic growth trends and how much can be attributed to unique regional growth factors.
Tax Increment Financing (TIF)
Issued to provide public facilities needed to support new, private, development; secured by increased tax revenue produced by new, private development, not a new tax; only available for projects that couldn’t be funded without the TIF; often used in blighted areas;
Example: city installs nice roads, parks, and streetscapes in a blighted area. As the area fills out with more housing and businesses, the tax revenue generated from those new places helps to pay off the $ used for the initial upgrades
Zero-Based Budgeting
Existing programs and activities should not be refunded each year; start a fresh budget so things aren’t funded again just because they were included last time
Strategic Plan
A plan for the organization and not for the municipality as a whole; many communities use strategic plans in place of comprehensive plans; typically short term (few years)
Capital Improvement Program (CIP)
Tool to implement the comprehensive plan; Used to coordinate investment in infrastructure, transportation, and community facilities - regular maintenance generally not included; 4-6 year time horizon; usually updated annually or every other year; varies by city who prepares the CIP; typically includes a map, description of projects + costs, and a schedule for project financing and implementation
Capital Budget (CB): First year of CIP budget
Location quotient
An indicator of self-sufficiency, or relative strength, of a particular industry in the region compared to the nation. (Earnings, employment, other factors used)
For example, an LQ of 1.0 in mining means that the region and the nation are equally specialized in mining; while an LQ of 1.8 means that the region has a higher concentration in mining than the nation.
Smart City technologies are implemented with the goal of:
Achieving cost efficiencies, making infrastructure more resilient, and generally improving urban conditions.
Sensors are a critical component of smart city technology, enabling monitoring of water mains for leaks, air quality monitoring, public safety video sensors, and transportation sensors.
Internet of Things (IoT)
Devices that use the internet to support the delivery of public services and the livability of communities. They allow real time monitoring and intervention, potentially saving energy, managing utilities, and identifying bottlenecks
