Animal Tissues

Question 1

Epithelial tissues

Answer 1

Ciliated, cuboidal, squamous, Pseudostratified, columnar

Question 2

Two roles of ciliated epithelial tissue

Answer 2

Removes dirt and foreign bodies(prevents infections) moves ova down Fallopian tubes

Question 3

Explain how a lack of Calcium would affect muscle contraction

Answer 3

There would be less muscle contraction (1) because there would be fewer myosin binding sites exposed (1) if there was not sufficient calcium available (1)

Question 4

Compare fast and slow twitch muscle fibres

Answer 4

Fast- enables muscles to move quickly, short bursts of energy
Slow- provide power, store more oxygen for aerobic respiration

Question 5

How the role of acetylcholine results in muscle contractions

Answer 5

Calcium is released, it is a neurotransmitter, muscle shortens, calcium binds to troponin

Question 6

Explain the role of ATP in muscle contraction

Answer 6

ATP breaks down into ADP and P (1) providing energy (1) this enables myosin to pull/join actin filaments / form a cross bridge (1) resulting in filaments sliding / allowing the process to recycle (1)

Question 7

Process of osmosis

Answer 7

Net movement of water / solvent (1) from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution / against the concentration (1) through a partially permeable membrane (1) until the concentrations are equal / isotonic (1)

Question 8

Define diffusion

Answer 8

Movement of substances from a more concentrated solution to a less concentrated solution until the concentrations are equal

Question 9

Active transport in animal cells

Answer 9

Requires energy from ATP, changes protein shape, movement of substances, absorption of nutrients as an exmaple

Question 10

Tissue types

Answer 10

Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue

Question 11

The name of the small hair like cell found on some epithelial tissue

Answer 11

Cilia

Question 12

State one function of cartilage

Answer 12

Provides support, protects bone, allows movement

Question 13

Types of muscle tissue

Answer 13

Cardiac, smooth, skeletal, striated, non striated

Question 14

Cells that secrete mucus

Answer 14

Goblet cell

Question 15

3 types of connective tissue

Answer 15

Loose, dense, specialised

Question 16

What type of muscle would be found in the following structures

Answer 16

Leg- skeletal
Heart- cardiac
Stomach- smooth

Question 17

3 types of neuron and their function

Answer 17

-Sensory (1) transmitting impulses from sensory organs to the CNS (1)
-Motor (1) transmitting impulses from the CNS to specific muscles or organs (1)
-Inter (1) transmitting impulses between sensory and motor neurons within the CNS

Question 18

Two contractile proteins found in muscle tissue

Answer 18

Actin, myosin

Question 19

Example of antagonistic pair of muscles

Answer 19

Biceps and triceps

Question 20

What is the apical surface

Answer 20

The surface in contact with the external surface

Question 21

Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

Answer 21

-Muscle is made of repeated units called sarcomeres
- Actin and myosin filaments are used
- Myosin are thick filaments, actin are thin filaments
- The filaments slide past each other during contraction
- This shortens the sarcomeres and muscle as a whole
- Calcium binds to the protein troponin and pulls it to one side, moving tropomyosin which is wrapped around actin filaments
- Myosin binding sites are exposed
- Cross bridges are formed when myosin heads bind to actin
- Energy is provided by ATP
- The process is triggered by calcium and an action potenatial