Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > Lower Limb: Leg And Foot Regions > Flashcards

Lower Limb: Leg And Foot Regions Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following landmarks is located on the distal end of the tibia?

A. Medial condyle
B. Medial malleolus
C. Tibial tuberosity
D. Lateral malleolus

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the following tarsal bones are considered bones of the hind foot? Select all that apply.

Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms
Talus

A

Calcaneus
Talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The sustentaculum tali is an important bony landmark of which of the following tarsal bones?

A. Talus
B. Navicular
C. Cuboid
D. Calcaneus

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following articulations forms the talocrural (upper ankle) joint?

A. Head of fibula and lateral tibial condyle
B. Distal end of fibula and fibular notch of tibia and interosseous membrane
C. Distal end of tibia and fibula (malleolar mortise) and trochlea of talus
D. Inferior aspect of talus and superior aspect of calcaneus

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or false: The movements of flexion and extension occur at the upper ankle joint while the motions of inversion and eversion occur at the lower ankle joint.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the following ligaments forms part of the lateral ligament of the ankle joint? Select all that apply.

Anterior talofibular
Anterior tibiotalor
Posterior talofibular
Posterior tibiotalor
Calcaneofibular

A

Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or false: The medial ligament of the ankle limits inversion of the ankle joint.

A

False

It limits eversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or false: The metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints are joints of the toes.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following bones forms a part of the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot? Select all that apply.

Calcaneus
Cuboid
Talus
Navicular
Lateral metatarsal bones

A

Calcaneus
Cuboid
Lateral metatarsal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of the following bones forms part of the transverse arch of the foot? Select all that apply.

Cuboid
Talus
Calcaneus
Cuneiforms
Bases of metatarsal bones

A

Cuboid
Cuneiforms
Bases of metatarsal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or false: The passive supports of the arches of the foot are formed by the tendons of several muscles that insert onto the bones of the foot.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following muscle tendons forms the dynamic supports of the arches of the foot? Select all that apply.

Tibialis anterior
Tibialis posterior
Fibularis longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Extensor hallucis longus

A

Tibialis anterior
Tibialis posterior
Fibularis longus
Flexor hallucis longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the tarsal bones of the foot from lateral to medial, proximal to distal.

A

Calcaneus, talus
Cuboid, navicular
Cuneiform (Lateral, intermediate, medial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The “bracket-shaped” socket at the distal end of the leg is called _______.

A

Malleolus mortise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The articulation of the head of the fibula and lateral tibial condyle is called:

A. Upper ankle joint
B. Lower ankle joint
C. Superior tibiofibular joint
D. Inferior tibiofibular joint

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The articulation of the distal end of the tibia and fibula (malleolar mortise) and trochlea of talus is called:

A. Upper ankle joint
B. Lower ankle joint
C. Superior tibiofibular joint
D. Inferior tibiofibular joint

A

A

This is also known as the talocrural joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The articulations of the inferior aspect of the talus, superior aspect of the calcaneus, calcaneus, cuboid, talus, and navicular bones is called:

A. Upper ankle joint
B. Lower ankle joint
C. Superior tibiofibular joint
D. Inferior tibiofibular joint

A

B

These are also known as the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The articulation of the distal end of the fibula, fibular notch of tibia, and interosseous membrane is called:

A. Upper ankle joint
B. Lower ankle joint
C. Superior tibiofibular joint
D. Inferior tibiofibular joint

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which arch of the foot is described below?

Cuboid, cuneiforms, bases of metatarsals

A. Medial longitudinal
B. Lateral longitudinal
C. Transverse

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which arch of the foot is described below?

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, 3 medial metatarsals

A. Medial longitudinal
B. Lateral longitudinal
C. Transverse

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which arch of the foot is described below?

Calcaneus, cuboid, cuneiforms, 2 lateral metatarsals

A. Medial longitudinal
B. Lateral longitudinal
C. Transverse

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

These structures of the foot acts as a shock absorbers and springboard for propulsion.

A. Ligaments
B. Arches
C. Tarsals
D. Bursa

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which of the following retinacula will stabilize the tendons of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg as they cross the ankle joint?

A. Superior and inferior extensor retinaculum
B. Superior and inferior fibular retinaculum
C. Flexor retinaculum

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which of the following muscles is contained in the anterior compartment of the leg? Select all that apply.

Tibialis anterior
Fibularis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius
Tibialis posterior

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

True or false: The muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg are innervated by the superficial fibular nerve.

A

False

Deep fibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which of the following muscles originates from the lateral condyle of the tibia? Select all that apply.

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

True or false: All muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg can produce dorsiflexion at the upper ankle joint.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

True or false: The inferior fibular retinaculum is continuous with the inferior extensor retinaculum.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

True or false: Both the fibularis longus and brevis originate from the fibula.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

True or false: Both the fibularis longus and brevis produce inversion at the lower ankle joint.

A

False

Eversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which of the following nerves innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A. Deep fibular
B. Superficial fibular
C. Tibial

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which of the following muscles are contained in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the leg? Select all that apply.

Gastrocnemius
Tibialis posterior
Plantaris
Flexor digitorum longus
Soleus

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus

33
Q

Which of the following muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg originate from the femur? Select all that apply.

Gastrocnemius
Tibialis posterior
Plantaris
Flexor digitorum longus
Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Popliteus

34
Q

Which muscle tendons pass through the tarsal tunnel? Select all that apply.

Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Plantaris
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

35
Q

True or false: All muscles of the superior layer of the posterior compartment of the leg can produce plantar flexion of the ankle except popliteus.

A

True

36
Q

Which of the following nerves innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A. Tibial
B. Deep Fibular
C. Superficial fibular

A

A

37
Q

The attached ligaments are collectively known as?

A

Lateral collateral ligaments (of the ankle)

38
Q

The attached ligaments are collectively known as?

A

Medial collateral ligaments (of the ankle)

39
Q

The circled joints are known as?

A

Metatarsalphalangeal joints

40
Q

The circled joints are known as?

A

Interphalangeal joints

41
Q

The ligaments attached are known as?

A

Collateral ligaments (of the foot)

42
Q

The attached ligaments are known as?

A

Plantar ligaments (similar to volar plates of the hand)

43
Q

Which of the following are the passive supports of the foot? Select all that apply.

Tibialis posterior
Tibialis anterior
Plantar aponeurosis
Long and short plantar ligaments
Flexor hallucis longus
Fibularis longus
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

A

Plantar aponeurosis
Long and short plantar ligaments
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

44
Q

Which of the following are the dynamic supports of the foot? Select all that apply.

Tibialis posterior
Tibialis anterior
Plantar aponeurosis
Long and short plantar ligaments
Flexor hallucis longus
Fibularis longus
Intrinsic plantar muscles

A

Tibialis posterior
Tibialis anterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Fibularis longus
Intrinsic plantar muscles

45
Q

True or false: The dynamic supports of the foot are all intrinsic muscles of the foot.

A

False

Extrinsic muscles

46
Q

The most common cause of ankle sprains is due to:

A. Plantar flexed foot inverts and rolls, tearing the LCL
B. Plantar flexed foot everts and rolls, tearing the MCL
C. Fracture of the calcaneus
D. Fracture of the talus

A

A

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT a common fracture site of the foot?

A. Calcaneus
B. Talus
C. 5th metatarsal
D. 2nd metatarsal

A

D

48
Q

Pes planus is a condition presenting as…

A. Lateral deviation of the great toe, generally due to degenerative joint disease
B. Lateral deviation of the forefoot due to dysfunction of tibialis posterior
C. Fracture of the fibula superior to the medial malleolus causing lateral instability
D. Fracture of the great toe

A

B

49
Q

Hallux valgus is a condition presenting as…

A. Lateral deviation of the great toe, generally due to degenerative joint disease
B. Lateral deviation of the forefoot due to dysfunction of tibialis posterior
C. Fracture of the fibula superior to the medial malleolus causing lateral instability
D. Fracture of the great toe

A

A

50
Q

The following muscles are that of which compartment of the leg?

Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

A. Anterior compartment
B. Lateral compartment
C. Posterior superficial compartment
D. Posterior deep compartment

A

B

51
Q

The following muscles are that of which compartment of the leg?

Popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

A. Anterior compartment
B. Lateral compartment
C. Posterior superficial compartment
D. Posterior deep compartment

A

D

52
Q

The following muscles are that of which compartment of the leg?

Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius

A. Anterior compartment
B. Lateral compartment
C. Posterior superficial compartment
D. Posterior deep compartment

A

A

53
Q

The following muscles are that of which compartment of the leg?

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

A. Anterior compartment
B. Lateral compartment
C. Posterior superficial compartment
D. Posterior deep compartment

A

C

54
Q

Which retinaculum prevents bowstringing of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A. Extensor retinaculum (superior and inferior)
B. Fibular retinaculum (superior and inferior)
C. Flexor retinaculum

A

A

55
Q

Which retinaculum prevents bowstringing of the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A. Extensor retinaculum (superior and inferior)
B. Fibular retinaculum (superior and inferior)
C. Flexor retinaculum

A

C

56
Q

Which retinaculum prevents bowstringing of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A. Extensor retinaculum (superior and inferior)
B. Fibular retinaculum (superior and inferior)
C. Flexor retinaculum

A

B

57
Q

Name this muscle.

Then name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

Name: Tibialis anterior

Origin: lateral condyle and surface of tibia; interosseous membrane

Insertion: medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Action: Dorsiflexion and inversion

58
Q

Name this muscle.

Then name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

Name: Extensor digitorum longus

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia and interosseous membrane

Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Action: Extends lateral 4 digits of foot; dorsiflexion

59
Q

Name this muscle.

Then name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

Name: Extensor hallucis longus

Origin: Anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Action: Extension of great toe; dorsiflexion

60
Q

Name this muscle.

Then name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

Name: Fibularis tertius

Origin: Anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Dorsum of base 5th metatarsal

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Action: Dorsiflexion and eversion

61
Q

Name this muscle.

Then name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

Name: Fibularis longus

head and lateral surface of fibular

Insertion: medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve

Action: Eversion of ankle

62
Q

Name this muscle.

Then name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

Name: Fibularis brevis

Origin: Inferolateral surface of fibula

Insertion: Dorsal surface of base of 5th metatarsal

Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve

Action: Eversion of ankle

63
Q

Name this muscle.

Then name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

Name: Gastrocnemius

Origin: Lateral head—lateral condyle of femur; Medial head—medial condyle of femur

Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Action: plantarflexion of ankle; knee flexion

64
Q

Name this muscle.

Then name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

Name: Soleus

Origin: posterior aspect of head and surface of fibula, soleal line, and medial border of tibia

Insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Action: plantarflexion of the ankle

65
Q

Name this muscle.

Then name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

Name: Plantaris

Origin: lateral supracondylar line of femur

Insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus of calcaneal tendon

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Action: Plantarflexion of ankle

66
Q

Name this muscle.

Then name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

Name: Popliteus

Origin: Lateral condyle of femur

Insertion: Posterior surface of tibia

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Action: Weakly flexes knee; “unlocks” knee

67
Q

Name this muscle.

Then name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

Name: Tibialis posterior

Origin: interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia and fibula

Insertion: navicular, cuneiform, cuboid, and bases of 2-4 metatarsals

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Action: plantarflexion and ankle inversion

68
Q

Name this muscle.

Then name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

Name: Flexor digitorum longus

Origin: posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line

Insertion: base of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Action: Flexion of lateral 4 digits

69
Q

Name this muscle.

Then name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

Name: Flexor hallucis longus

Origin: posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of great toe

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Action: Flexion of great toe

70
Q

Which layer of intrinsic muscles of the foot is described below?

Flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi

A. First layer
B. Second layer
C. Third layer
D. Fourth layer

A

C

71
Q

Which layer of intrinsic muscles of the foot is described below?

Plantar interossei, dorsal interossei

A. First layer
B. Second layer
C. Third layer
D. Fourth layer

A

D

72
Q

Which layer of intrinsic muscles of the foot is described below?

Quadratus plantae, lumbricals

A. First layer
B. Second layer
C. Third layer
D. Fourth layer

A

B

73
Q

Which layer of intrinsic muscles of the foot is described below?

Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi

A. First layer
B. Second layer
C. Third layer
D. Fourth layer

A

A

74
Q

Why are extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis not included in the four layers of intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

They are on the dorsum of the foot

75
Q

True or false: The anterior compartment of muscles of the leg primarily plantarflex the foot.

A

False

Dorsiflex; the posterior compartment plantarflexes

76
Q

Which muscles of the leg produce movements of the toes?

A
  • Flexor digitorum longus (posterior, deep)
  • Flexor hallucis longus (posterior, deep)
  • Extensor digitorum longus (anterior)
  • Extensor hallucis longus (anterior)
77
Q

Which muscles of the leg originate from the fibula?

A
  • Fibularis tertius (anterior)
  • Fibularis longus (lateral)
  • Fibularis brevis (lateral)
  • Soleus (posterior, superficial)
  • Tibialis posterior (posterior, deep)
  • Flexor hallucis longus (posterior, deep)
78
Q

Which muscles of the leg insert on the calcaneus?

A
  • Gastrocnemus (posterior, superficial)
  • Soleus (posterior, superficial)
  • Plantaris (posterior, superficial)

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions