Physiology

Question 1

Sympathetic nervous system effects?

Answer 1

Thoacolumbar region

Pupil DILATION
Bronchial RELAXATION
Tachycardia
Inhibition of peristalsis/secretion
Increased glucose production/release
Secretion of noradrenaline/adrenaline
Inhibition of bladder contraction

Question 1

Parasympathetic nervous system effects?

Answer 1

Pupil CONTRACTION
Saliva production
Bradycardia
Constricts airways
Peristalsis/secretion
Bladder contraction

Question 2

MoA of prazosin?

Answer 2

Alpha-1 blocker

Alpha 1 - on vascular smooth muscle
Normally binds to noradrenaline
Minimal effect on cardiac function due to alpha-1 selectivity

Common AE: nasal congestion due to dilation of vessels in nasal mucosa

Question 3

MoA of clonidine?

Answer 3

Alpha-2 agonist

Question 4

What shifts the oxy-Hb dissociation curve to the left and what does this mean?

Answer 4

Increased O2 affinity (R state)
Reduced O2 delivery to tissues

High pH (basic)
Low temperature
Low 2,-3 BPG
Fetal Hb
Methaemoglobinaemia
Carboxyhaemoglobinaemia
High O2 affinity Hb variants

Question 5

What shifts the oxy-Hb dissociation curve to the right and what does this mean?

Answer 5

Reduced O2 affinity (T state)
Increased O2 delivery to tissues

Low pH (acidic)
Increased CO2
High temperature
High 2,3-BPG
Low O2 affinity Hb variants