Enzymes & Digestion

Question 1

What is Digestion?

Answer 1

Digestion is the breakdown of large, insoluble food molecules into small, water soluble food molecules.

Question 2

What are the two types of digestion?

Answer 2

Mechanical : > Food is physically broken down into smaller pieces.

Chemical : > Food molecules are broken down into smaller molecules so they can be absorbed, this is a SLOW process so catalysts speed it up. These catalysts are called enzymes

Question 3

What are enzymes?

Answer 3

Enzymes are made of protein molecules. They can be folded into many different shapes and they speed up the reaction of things in the body

Question 4

What are some properties of enzymes

Answer 4

They are all proteins
Each enzymes catalyses one reaction
Only small numbers of enzyme molecules are needed to catalyse many reactions
They can be use AGAIN AND AGAIN
they are affected by tempreture
they are affected by pH

Question 5

What are breaker enzymes

Answer 5

they speed up the reaction of breaking down large
molecule to small molecules.

Question 6

What are builder enzymes?

Answer 6

Builder enzymes, speed up the reaction where smaller molecules needs to join together to make
large ones.

Question 7

Why are enzymes so specific? (aka picky bitches)

Answer 7

Only molecules with exactly the right shape will
bind to the enzyme and react. These are the reactant, or substrate, molecules.

Question 8

What happens if pH levels change?

Answer 8

the enzyme will no longer work as it is now denatured and therefore the the substrate will not fit the active site of the enzyme.

Question 9

What can increase enzyme activity?

Answer 9

A ten degrees Celsius rise in temperature will increase the the activity of most enzymes by 50 to 100%.

Question 10

What is catalase

Answer 10

Catalase is a common naturally-occurring enzyme, Found extensively in organisms that live in the presence of oxygen.

Question 11

What does catalase do?

Answer 11

Catalase prevents the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and thus protects cellular organelles and tissues from damage by peroxide.

Question 12

What enzymes are found in the mouth?

Answer 12

amylase

Question 13

What is pepsin

Answer 13

An enzyme made in the stomach that breaks down proteins in food during digestion. Stomach acid changes a protein called pepsinogen into pepsin.
Pepsin is like the “Protein Gangsta” of your stomach. It’s all like, “Yo, I see those proteins, and I’m about to break ‘em down like it’s nobody’s business!” Pepsin be like, “I’m the boss of digestion, no protein can escape my chomp!”

Question 14

What is trypsin

Answer 14

Trypsin is an enzyme that helps us digest protein. In the small intestine, trypsin breaks down proteins, continuing the process of digestion that began in the stomach

Trypsin is the “Protein Shredder” that goes all Wolverine on those proteins. It’s like, “Snikt! I got my claws ready to slice and dice these proteins into itty-bitty pieces.” Trypsin be like, “I’m the ultimate protein slayer, nothing can escape my razor-sharp action!”

Question 15

What is maltase

Answer 15

Maltase-glucoamylase, coded on the MGAM gene, plays a vital role in the digestion of starches

Maltase is the “Sugar Disco Dancer” that loves to boogie with maltose. It’s like, “I’ll take this maltose and groove it into smaller sugars for the ultimate sweet party!” Maltase be like, “Let’s dance the sugar night away!”

Question 16

What is Lipase

Answer 16

Lipase is a type of digestive enzyme or “digestive juice.” It helps your body digest fats. Most of your lipase is made in your pancreas, an organ located behind the lower part of your stomach.

Lipase is the “Fat Dissolver” that has a knack for melting fats like nobody’s business. Lipase be like, “I’m the fat-busting guru, turning big blobs of fat into tiny droplets with a snap of my fingers!” Lipase be like, “Fat? More like ‘phat’ disappearing act!”

Question 17

What is Erepsin

Answer 17

Erepsin is a mixture of enzymes contained in a protein fraction found in the intestinal juices that digest peptones into amino acids.

Erepsin is the “Peptide Secret Agent” that goes undercover to break down those leftover peptides like a spy. Erepsin be like, “I infiltrate the peptide scene, taking down those undercover agents one by one!” Erepsin be like, “Shhh… I’m the digestion’s secret weapon!”

Question 18

What is Sucrase

Answer 18

Breaks down sucrose and maltose into simple sugars

Sucrase is the “Sugar Detective” with serious investigative skills! It uncovers the sweetness of sucrose and breaks it down into smaller sugars like a true sugar whisperer. Sucrase’s TikTok videos would include secret missions, magnifying glasses, and a catchy tagline like, “Cracking the Sweetness Code!”

Question 19

How are amino acides made

Answer 19

Protein molecules→ Protease break em down → Amino Acids

Question 20

How is glucose made

Answer 20

Starch molecules→Carb enzymes break em down→
Glucose

Question 21

How are fatty acids made

Answer 21

Fat molecules→ Lipase enzymes break em down→
Fatty acids/ Glycerol

Question 22

What is the digestive system?

Answer 22

The digestive system consist of all the organs, tissues and cells that ingest and digest food

Question 23

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 23

The alimentary canal is a tube that runs
through the body, starting at
the mouth and passing down
the esophagus and into the stomach.

Question 24

What happens when we swallow?

Answer 24

When we swallow, muscles along the esophagus contract in waves, forcing the food through the esophagus into the stomach.

Question 25

What is the stomach?

Answer 25

The stomach is a muscular bag that is
involved in mechanical and chemical
digestion of food.

Question 26

What are the MAIN parts of the small intestine?

Answer 26

The main parts of the small intestine are the duodenum, jejunum and
the ileum.

Question 27

What is the functions of the parts of the small intestine

Answer 27

The duodenum is the main site for the chemical digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

> The jejunum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body

> The ileum is final part of the small intestine it
is the site where the nutrients from food are
absorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 28

What is the pancreas?

Answer 28

The pancreas is an organ that secretes pancreatic juice into the
duodenum. The pancreas also makes insulin and glucagon,

Question 29

When the pancreatic juice is released what happens?

Answer 29

1. The protease enzyme trypsin is released. This
   catalyzes the breakdown of peptides into
   amino acids.
2. Lipase catalyzes the breakdown of fats into
   fatty acids and glycerol

Question 30

What is Bile?

Answer 30

Bile is a green watery liquid, created in the
liver and stored in the gall bladder it is used to emulsify fats in the duodenum.

Question 31

What are the parts of the large intestine?

Answer 31

The parts of the large intestine are the cecum, colon, and rectum

Question 32

What is the cecum

Answer 32

A pouch forms the first part of the large intestine. It connects the small intestine to the colon.

Question 33

What is the colon

Answer 33

The main function of the colon is to reabsorb the water from the undigested food. It is also the longest part of the large intestine

Question 34

What is the rectum?
(shit storer)

Answer 34

The rectum stores feces until it is
egested.

Question 35

What is assimilation?

Answer 35

Assimilation is the process of incorporating and making use of the digested food in the body.

Question 36

What happens to amino acids?

Answer 36

These are taken to the liver and then to the rest of the body where they are used by the body cells for growth and repair; they are used to make hormones and enzymes.

Question 37

What happens to Fatty acids and glycerol?

Answer 37

Fat molecules are carried by the lymph to the blood and are stored under the skin and around the organs

Question 38

What is deamination?

Answer 38

This is the removal of the nitrogen-containing part of amino acids to form urea

Question 39

What is ingestion and Egestion?

Answer 39

Ingestion is the taking of substances, e.g. food and drink, into the
body through the mouth.

Egestion is the passing out of food that has not been digested
(undigested) or absorbed, like feces, through the anus.