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med 2 exam 4 > [Exam 1/Final] Chapter 32/34: Hematologic Disorders > Flashcards

[Exam 1/Final] Chapter 32/34: Hematologic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Hematologic Ssytem?

A

The blood and the blood forming sites, including bone marrow and RES system

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2
Q

What is plasma

A

Fluid portion of blood

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3
Q

What is included in the blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes.

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4
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

RBC formation which occurs in marrow. RBC lifespan is very short

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5
Q

Bone Marrow: Where does production occur?

A

Pelvis, ribs, vertebrae, sternum

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6
Q

Bone Marrow: What are the types of stem cells?

A

Myeloid and Lymphoid

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7
Q

Bone Marrow: What are myeloid cells?

A

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets

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8
Q

Bone Marrow: What are lymphoid cells?

A

Lymphocytes, which include T and B Cells

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9
Q

Bone Marrow: What does the stroma do?

A

Produces colony stimulating factors. The yellow marrow is the largest component

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10
Q

Erythrocytes: What are the types?

A

Hemoglobin and reticulocytes (immature rbcs)

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11
Q

Erythrocytes: Iron is stored as what?

A

Ferratin and released in plasma when there is a iron deficiency

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12
Q

Erythrocytes: Average lifespan of cell?

A

120 days

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13
Q

Leukocytes: What are the two types?

A

GRanulocytes and Agranulocytes

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14
Q

Leukocytes: Whats included in granulocytes?

A

Eosinophiles Basophils, Neutrophils

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15
Q

Leukocytes: Whats included in agranulocytes?

A

Monocytes, Lymphocytes

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16
Q

Thrombocytes: This helps with what?

A

Clotting.

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17
Q

Thrombocytes: What regulates this?

A

Thrombopoietin and Fibrin (this helps promote clotting)

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18
Q

Plasma and Plasma Proteins: Albumin important why

A

Keeps fluid within the vascular space. Impacts fluid balance

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19
Q

Bone Marrow Aspiration: How is this done?

A

Sample taken from iliac crest. Can cause sharp brief pain.

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20
Q

Bone Marrow Aspiration: When would this be done?

A

If concerned with patient having hematologic cancer.

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21
Q

Bone Marrow Aspiration: This assesses what?

A

How RBCs being made and their quantity/quality.

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22
Q

Bone Marrow Aspiration: What complications may occur?

A

Achey site, pain, bleeding, infection at site.

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23
Q

Stem Cells: What do T cells do?

A

Kill foreign cells directly

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24
Q

Stem Cells: What do B Cells do?

A

Produce antibodies

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25
Q

Hematologic Cancers: These all start with what?

A

Stem Cells

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26
Q

Hematologic Cancers: Myeloid stem cancers incldue what?

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemima
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

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27
Q

Hematologic Cancers: Lymphoid cancers incldue what?

A

Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia

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28
Q

Hematologic Cancers: Lymph Node Cancers in B and T cells include what?

A

Lymphomas

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29
Q

Hematologic Cancers: How will patients appear with lymphomas?

A

Enlarged lymph node in patient. Pain in spleel and seen in those 20-30 years old.

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30
Q

Hematologic Cancers: Difference between Lymphoma and Leukemia?

A

Lymphoma in lymph node and solid mass, not painful

Leukemia affects bone marrow.

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31
Q

Leukemia: What is this?

A

Cancer of the blood

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32
Q

Leukemia: What is within blood vessels?

A

RBCs, WBCs, Platelets

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33
Q

Leukemia: What happens in the bone marrow?

A

One of the cells (RBCs, WBCs, Platelets) begin to multiply rapidly and bone marrow can no longer make enough healthy cells

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34
Q

Leukemia: What diagnostic tests can be done?

A

CBC
Bone Marrow Aspiration

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35
Q

Leukemia: What will these patients complain of?

A

Pain, because pressure is growing inside of these bones.

36
Q

Leukemia: How many different types are there?

A

4

37
Q

Leukemia: What are teh different types?

A

Acute vs Chronic

Myeloid vs Lymphoid

38
Q

Leukemia: What happens with acute?

A

They are immature cells, are blast cells

39
Q

Leukemia: What happens with chronic?

A

They are mature, but don’t function as well as they do

40
Q

Leukemia: What is included in Myeloid leukemia?

A

The neutrophils like WBCs, RBC, platelets

41
Q

Leukemia: What is included in lymphoid leukemia?

A

Lymphocytes affecting T and B Cells.

42
Q

Leukemia: Which one affects children?

A

Acute Lymphoid Leukemia

43
Q

Leukemia: Which one affects Adults aged 40?

A

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

44
Q

Leukemia: Which one affects those 50-70?

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

45
Q

Leukemia: Which one affects those older than 72?

A

Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia

46
Q

Myeloid Leukemia: What is this?

A

Unregulated proliferation of leukocytes in the bone marrow

47
Q

Myeloid Leukemia: Detect in what to differente into what?

A

Detect i stem cells that differentiates into myeloid cells

48
Q

Myeloid Leukemia: Assessments?

A

CBC, Bone Marrow Aspiration

49
Q

Myeloid Leukemia: Treatments?

A

Chemo, and HSCT.

50
Q

Myeloid Leukemia: what is HSCT?

A

They will draw blood and will take out the stem cells and give the donates stem cells to the patients.

51
Q

Myeloid Leukemia: What are two two different types?

A

AML and CML

52
Q

Acute Myeloid Leukemmia: How quickly does this apear?

A

Abrupt onset over period of weeks

53
Q

Acute Myeloid Leukemmia: What is happening here in body?

A

Insufficent prouduction of normal blood cells

54
Q

Acute Myeloid Leukemmia: Signs patient will experience?

A

Fever/Infection. (Decreased neutrophil)

WEakness Fatigue. (Decreased rbcs)

Petechiae, Ecchymosis, Bleeding (decreased platelets)

Bone Pain

55
Q

Acute Myeloid Leukemmia: Treatment for this?

A

Induction therapy then HSCT

56
Q

Acute Myeloid Leukemmia: What is induction therapy?

A

Get high dose of chemo before they retransplant with stem cells

57
Q

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: How quicklky does this appear?

A

Patient asymptomatic for months to years

58
Q

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Stages of this?

A

Chronic
Transformational (Have been in chronic state then switch to blast crisis)
Blast Crisis (Switches over to AML stage)

59
Q

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Leukocytes number here?

A

> 100,000. Will see decrease in RBCs, volume.

60
Q

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: What is unique here?

A

Philadelphia chromosome. Can be picked up in blood work.

61
Q

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Treatment?

A

Gleevec (Oral medication that prevents abnormal growth of myeloid cell)

HSCT, Chemo

62
Q

Lymphocytic Leukema: What is going on inside body here?

A

Uncontrolled proliferation of immature cells (lymphoblasts) of B / T Cells.

63
Q

Lymphocytic Leukema: What types are included here?

A

ALL and CLL

64
Q

Acute Lymphoid Leukemia: Most commomn with who?

A

Children

65
Q

Acute Lymphoid Leukemia: How does this grow?

A

Immature lymphocytes proliferature in teh marrow . Impede the development of normal myeloid cells

66
Q

Acute Lymphoid Leukemia: Freqeuent site for this?

A

CNS. Will often see headache, vomiting

67
Q

Acute Lymphoid Leukemia: Treatment?

A

HSCT, Chemo, Dexamethasone (For inflammation)

68
Q

Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia: What population does this affect?

A

Those 72 years old

69
Q

Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia: What is going on inside body?

A

Is a malignant clone of lymphocytes. Most fully mature cells that escaped apoptosis. Don’t die off

70
Q

Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia: This increases what?

A

Amount of bone marrow that causes decreased circulation

71
Q

Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia: WBC count here?

A

> 100,000

72
Q

Lymphomas: What is this?

A

Cancer of lymphatic system . Neoplasm of cells of lymphoid origin

73
Q

Lymphomas: How does this appear?

A

Solid mass in lymph node

74
Q

Lymphomas: What are teh two types?

A

Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkins

75
Q

Hodgkins: How common is this?

A

Rare

76
Q

Hodgkins: Cure rate?

A

High cure rate

77
Q

Hodgkins: What cell is specifically seen here?

A

Reed Sternberg cell. If they have this, they have hodgkins lymphomas

78
Q

Hodgkins: what body system can be affected?

A

All body systems can be effected

79
Q

Hodgkins: Most common finding?

A

Mild anemia

80
Q

Hodgkins: What diagnostics can be performed?

A

CT Scan, PET Scan (Radioactive tracer given and indicates where tumor is)

CBC, ESR, LFTs (Liver Function Tests), Renal Labs

81
Q

Hodgkins: How is this treated?

A

Chemo, Radiation. Radiation is primary with EBRT.

82
Q

Non-Hodgkins: What is this?

A

Neo-plastic cells thought to arise from single clone of lymphocytes

83
Q

Non-Hodgkins: CM of this?

A

Lymphadenopathy. This is swollen lymph nodes

84
Q

Non-Hodgkins: How will the signs present?

A

Swollen lymph nodes. Will manifest where the mass is.

85
Q

Non-Hodgkins: Diagnsotics for this?

A

CT, Pet Scan,

Bone Marrow Biopsy

86
Q

Non-Hodgkins: Treatment determined by what?

A

Chemo

Watchful waiting to see which type of non-hodgkins they have

med 2 exam 4 (10 decks)

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