Memory 1

Question 1

What does semantic memory do?

Answer 1

relates information in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already stored in your memory.

Question 2

What is encoding?

Answer 2

Getting information into your head

Question 3

semantic encoding?

Answer 3

relating information in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already stored in memory

Question 4

Why is semantic encoding helpful?

Answer 4

Information is better remembered when it is meaningful – the more meaning, the better

Question 5

What is visual encoding?

Answer 5

Encoding information as images

Question 6

Which type of encoding relates to the inherent properties of the world?

Answer 6

Visual encoding

Question 7

Which words are better to encode and recall? examples?

Answer 7

High imagery words (like dog) are easier to encode and recall. Compared to low imagery words (like moral)

Question 8

How are high imagery words encoded?

Answer 8

semantically and visually

Question 9

what is acoustic encoding?

Answer 9

encoding sounds that words make

Question 10

What part of acoustic encoding uses semantic encoding?

Answer 10

rhyming

Question 11

What are the 2 types of encoding processes?

Answer 11

automatic and effortful

Question 12

What does effortful encoding require?

Answer 12

energy

Question 13

What is storage?

Answer 13

the attempted creation of a permanent record of information

Question 14

What are the stages fo the Attkinson-Shiffrin Model of Memory?

Answer 14

Encoding, Sensory Memory, Short Term memory, Long term memory, retrieval

Question 15

What does sensory memory hold? for how long?

Answer 15

sensory information (sights, sounds, tastes, textures). From anywhere between 0.5 and 5 seconds

Question 16

How does sensory memory help us?

Answer 16

helps us interact with and navigate the world but most of the information is useless

Question 17

What information will be lost from sensory memory?

Answer 17

Any information not attended to

Question 18

What type of storage is short-term memory?

Answer 18

temporary storage

Question 19

What does short-term do?

Answer 19

Takes info from sensory info and connects it to longterm memory

Question 20

When will short-term memory move to long-term memory?

Answer 20

If it is important, rehearsed and semantically encoded

Question 21

How long does info in short term memory live?

Answer 21

for about 20 seconds (if rehearsed)

Question 22

When will information remain in the short term memory for longer than 20 secs (about 1 minute)?

Answer 22

As long as it is rehearsed. Rehearsal techniques are like saying things out loud or mentally repeating it.

Question 23

Is short term memory better for numbers or letters?

Answer 23

Numbers

Question 24

Is short term memory better for acoustic or visual encoding

Answer 24

Acoustic encoding

Question 25

Is short term memory infinite? How much can you store?

Answer 25

No, its finite. (about 7 pieces of information)

Question 26

What type of storage is long term memory?

Answer 26

Continuous storage of information

Question 27

What is consolidation?

Answer 27

taking information from short-term and putting it in long-term

Question 28

What are the 2 main types of long-term memory?

Answer 28

explicit and implicit

Question 29

What is explicit memory called?

Answer 29

declarative memory

Question 30

What is implicit memory called?

Answer 30

non-declarative memory

Question 31

What type of memory is episodic memory? (example)

Answer 31

explicit (declarative). Experiences like going to a concert

Question 32

What type of memory is semantic memory?

Answer 32

Explicit (declarative). Uses the limbic system

Question 33

What type of memory is procedural memory?

Answer 33

Implicit (non-declarative). Like juggling, brushing teeth, “muscle memory”

Question 34

What type of memory is emotional conditioning?

Answer 34

Implicit (non-declarative). Conditioning an emotion onto an experience

Question 35

What is episodic memory based off of?

Answer 35

Pieces of information from the past

Question 36

If you don’t have episodic memory what will you have difficulty doing?

Answer 36

imagining the future

Question 37

What is retrieval?

Answer 37

Bringing information out of long-term memory into short term memory.

Question 38

What are the 3 types of retrieval?

Answer 38

recall, recognition, relearning

Question 39

What is recall? Example?

Answer 39

retrieving information without any retrieval cues. Short answer questions

Question 40

What is recognition?

Answer 40

Identify information that you have previously learned. (Multiple choice)

Question 41

What is retrieval cue?

Answer 41

External information that is associated with stored information

Question 42

What is an example of a retrieval cue?

Answer 42

Environment or inner state (how you were feeling)

Question 43

Is retrieval a state-dependent cue?

Answer 43

yes (more likely to remember info if you feel the same as you did when encoding it)

Question 44

What type of information is a retrieval cue?

Answer 44

external information that is associated with stored information.

Question 45

Does alcohol disrupt encoding of information?

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

What is retrieval?

Answer 46

bringing information out of long-term storage into short-term

Question 47

What is relearning?

Answer 47

relearning information that was previously learned

Question 48

What does relearning do?

Answer 48

pays dividends