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PSYC 450 > ch 13-16 > Flashcards

ch 13-16 Flashcards

1
Q

adenosine

A
  • blockade or receptors for this substance is responsible for caffeine’s stimulant effects
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2
Q

bupropion (zyban)

A
  • drug inhibits DA and NE reuptake
  • weak nAChR antagonist
  • can treat tobacco dependence
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3
Q

caffeine

A
  • stimulant drug found naturally in coffee and tea
  • energy drinks and tablets
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4
Q

caffeine dependence syndrome

A
  • chronic high dose caffeine
  • caffeine craving, difficulty controlling caffeine consumption
  • tolerance and withdrawal
  • recognized in ICD-10 but not DSM-5
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5
Q

caffeine intoxication

A
  • high dose caffeine use
  • restlessness, insomnia, tachycardia, twitching, upset stomach
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6
Q

caffeine use disorder

A
  • similar to caffeine dependence syndrome
  • not officially recognized as a disorder
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7
Q

chlorogenic acids

A
  • class of chemicals in coffee
  • protective effect against development of type 2 diabetes among people drinking 3-4c of coffee/day
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8
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A
  • disorder of respiratory system
  • shortness of breath, wheezing, chronic coughing, chest tightness
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9
Q

cotinine

A

principal product of nicotine metabolism by the liver

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10
Q

cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)

A
  • specific type of cytochrome P450 that metabolizes nicotine into cotinine
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11
Q

deprivation reversal model

A
  • theory that smoking is maintained by mood enhancement and increased concentration that occur when nicotine withdrawal symptoms are alleviated
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12
Q

developmental origins of health and disease

A
  • characteristics of intrauterine envt (nutrient availability, presence of drugs, envtal toxins, infectious agents) determines vulnerability for developing chronic diseases in adulthood
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13
Q

dihydro-beta-erthroidine (DhβE)

A
  • blocks high affinity nAChRs (receptors containing β2 and α4 subunits)
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14
Q

intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

A
  • fetal growth is hampered
  • baby is born underweight
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15
Q

mecamylamine (inversine)

A
  • antagonist for nicotinic ACh receptors
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16
Q

methylxanthines

A

class of naturally occuring chemicals that include caffeine and theophylline

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17
Q

methyllycaconitine (MLA)

A

blocks low-affinity nAChRs consisting only of a7 subunits

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18
Q

nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)

A

method to smoking by safer means of nicotine source, maintaining a level of nicotine in the body (reducing nicotine withdrawal)

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19
Q

nicotine ressource model

A

smoking is maintained due to positive effects of nicotine such as increased concentration and greater mood control

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20
Q

nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)

A

family of ionotrophic receptors that are activated by ACh and selectively stimulated by nicotine

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21
Q

nitrosamines

A

class of toxic chemicals contained in tobacco cigarette smoke that involve carcinogenesis

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22
Q

osmotic minipump

A

device placed just under the skin of an animal that allows a drug to be administered continuously over set period

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23
Q

P2X receptors

A

ionotropic receptors for ATP

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24
Q

P2Y receptors

A

metabotropic receptors for ATP

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25
Q

pannexins

A

membrane channels through which ATP is released into extracellular fluid

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26
Q

pyrolysis

A

process of chemical decomposition caused by heating

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27
Q

tar

A

hydrocarbons created by the vaporization of nicotine in tobacco

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28
Q

theophylline

A

stimulant drug similar to caffeine that is found naturally in tea

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29
Q

varenicline

A

partial agonist drug at high affinity a4b2 nAChRs (treats tobacco dependence)

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30
Q

2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)

A

arachnoid acid that functions as an endogenous ligand for brain cannabinoid receptors

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31
Q

∆-tetracannabinol (THC)

A

psychoactive chemical found in cannabis plants

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32
Q

amotivational syndrome

A

symptoms of cannabis use that relate to poor educational achievement and motivation

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33
Q

anandamide

A

chemical name for arachidonic acid derivatives (function as an endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors)

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34
Q

arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA)

A

formal chemical name of anandamide

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35
Q

cannabidiol (CBD)

A

phytocannabinoid that lacks intoxicating and dependence producing effects of THC

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36
Q

cannabinoid receptor

A

receptors concentrated in basal ganglia, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex

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37
Q

CB1

A

cannabinoid receptor of the metabotropic receptor family in the CNS

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38
Q

CB2

A

cannabinoid receptor located primarily in the immune system

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39
Q

cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)

A

enzyme that can metabolize endocannabinoids that plays an important role in the process of inflammation

40
Q

dabbing

A

form of high-potency cannabis consumption
- extraction of cannabis with butane, evaporating it, smoking the residue

41
Q

endocannabinoid membrane transporter

A

hypothesized membrane carrier protein that binds anandamide and transports it into the cell

42
Q

endocannabinoids

A

lipid-like substances that activate CB receptors
- produced from arachidonic acid in the body

43
Q

fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)

A

enzyme that metabolizes endocannabinoids

44
Q

hashish

A

type of cannabis derivative that smoked or eaten

45
Q

hyperalgesia

A

condition characterized by an increased sensitivity to pain

46
Q

marijuana

A

crude mixture of dried and crumbled cannabis plant parts

47
Q

monoacyl-glycerol lipase (MAGL)

A

enzyme primarily responsible for the metabolism of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol

48
Q

neuropathic pain

A

chronic pain caused by nerve tissue damage (produced in the nervous system itself)

49
Q

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A

COX-2 inhibitors such as ibuprofen

50
Q

phytocannabinoids

A

compounds with a structure that are found in the cannabis plant

51
Q

precipitated withdrawal

A

method used to test dependence and withdrawal by administering an antagonist to block drug effects rapidly

52
Q

retrograde signaling

A

endocannabinoids activates CB1 receptors on nearby nerve terminals

53
Q

rimonabant

A

antagonist selective for the CB1 receptor

54
Q

sinsemilla

A

potent marijuana produced by preventing pollination and seed production in the female cannabis plants

55
Q

TRPV1

A

nonspecific cation channel receptor playing a key role in the heat and pain sensations produced by capsaicin
(can be activated by anandamide)

56
Q

5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT)

A

hallucinogenic drug found in south american plants

57
Q

25I-NBOMe

A

member of NBOMe class of hallucinogens containing an iodine atom attached to phenyl ring

58
Q

afterglow

A

desired subjective state that may follow hallucinogenic drug-assisted therapy sessio

59
Q

altered states of consciousness (ASC) rating scale

A

psychometric scale developed to quantify the subjective effects of hallucinogenic agents

60
Q

analeptics

A

drugs acting as circulatory, respiratory, general CNS stimulants

61
Q

antitussives

A

drugs that suppress the coughing reflex

62
Q

ayahuasca

A

hallucinogenic mixture originating in the amazon rain forest

63
Q

bufotenine

A

tryptamine hallucinogen present in the toxic secretions of american desert toad

64
Q

dextromethorphan

A

opioid-like drug that is the major antitussive agent in most OTC cough medicine

65
Q

dextrorphan

A

biologically active metabolite of dextromethorphan

66
Q

dimethyltryptamine (DMT)

A

hallucinogenic drug found in several south american plants

67
Q

dissociative anesthesia

A

unusal type of anesthetic state characterized by env’tal detachment
-priduced by noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists such as ketamine and PCP

68
Q

ergot

A

fungus containing alkaloids from which LSD structure is derived

69
Q

ergotism

A

disease caused by ergot-contaminated grains that can lead to death

70
Q

flashbacks

A

re-experience of perceptual hallucinogen drug effects following termination of use

71
Q

hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD)

A

severe flashbacks persisting a long time following drug use causing significant distress

72
Q

hallucinogen rating scale

A

psychometric scale developed to quantify the subjective effects of hallucinogenic agents

73
Q

indoleamine

A

include serotonin and the hallucinogens LSD, psilocybin, psilocin, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT

74
Q

ketamine

A

binds to PCP site, acts as a noncompetitive antagonist of NMDA
- dissociative anesthetic

75
Q

lysergic acid

A

core structural unit of all ergot alkaloids

76
Q

lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

A

hallucinogenic drug synthesized from lysergic acid found in ergot fungus
- effects mainly from stimulating 5HT2a receptors

77
Q

mescal button

A

crown of peyote cactus, hallucinogenic drug mescaline

78
Q

methoxetamine

A

potent ketamine analog that is an abused drug

79
Q

NBOMes

A

relatively new class of potent synthetic hallucinogens

80
Q

nuedexta

A

detromethorphan containing medicatoin prescribed for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect

81
Q

other hallucinogen use disorder

A

other than PCP and related substances

82
Q

peak experience

A

intense psychedelic state experienced during a hallucinogenic drug-assisted therapy session

83
Q

peyote button

A

also used to obtain mescaline

84
Q

phencycline

A

binds to PCP site acts as a non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptor
- dissociative anesthetic

85
Q

phenethylamine

A

includes mescaline, NE and amphetamine related substances

86
Q

pseudobulbar affect

A

neurological disorder characterized by frequent, uncontrollable episodes of laughing of crying incongruent with emotional state

87
Q

psilocin

A

metabolite of psilocybin, the actual psychoactive agent

88
Q

psilocybin

A

hallucinogenic drug found in several mushrooms

89
Q

psychedelic

A

alters perceptions, state of mind or awareness

90
Q

psychedelic therapy

A

giving patients a single dose of LSD to help understand their own problems by reaching a spiritual state

91
Q

psycholytic therapy

A

LSD in low doses, gradually increasing the dose in an attempt to recover memories and increase communication

92
Q

psychotomimetic

A

substance mimicking psychosis in someone

93
Q

salvinorin A

A

active compound in hallucinogenic plant, acts as a k-opioid receptor agonist

94
Q

synesthesia

A

mixing sensations

95
Q

5a- reductase

A

enzyme converts testosterone in 5a-dihydrotestosterone

96
Q

anabolic- androgenic steroids (AAS)

A

group of performance enhancers characterised by their ability to increase muscle and enhance masculine qualities

97
Q

androgen receptor

A

target site of testosterone and other androgens, located within the cytoplasm and many tissues

PSYC 450 (4 decks)

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