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medical terminology > unit 7 (respiratory system) - medical vocabulary > Flashcards

unit 7 (respiratory system) - medical vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

aerosol therapy

A

an inhaled medication, suspended in a mist and delivered by a nebulizer while the patient breathes; also available in metered-dose inhaler form

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2
Q

alveolar sacs

A

structures located and the ends of bronchioles that lead into the alveoli

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3
Q

alveoli

A

tiny structures included in the alveolar sacs where gas exchange occurs

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4
Q

antibiotic

A

a drug that fights or prevents bacterial infections

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5
Q

antihistamine

A

a drug that blocks the effects of histamines, which are chemicals in the body that produce symptoms of allergic reactions

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6
Q

antitussive

A

a drug that suppresses a cough

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7
Q

apnea

A

temporary interruption of breathing

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8
Q

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

A

a test used to assess the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

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9
Q

aspiration

A

drawing in of a foreign body, food, or fluid through a nose, throat, or lungs during inspiration

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10
Q

asthma

A

condition characterized by sudden, periodic attacks of dyspnea accompanied by wheezing; caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membranes of the bronchi

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11
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed or airless lung caused by any condition that prevents the alveoli from expanding normally to allow breathing and coughing

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12
Q

beta-adrenergic agonist

A

a drug that dilates the bronchi

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13
Q

bradypnea

A

condition of slower-than-normal breathing

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14
Q

bronchi

A

subdivisions of the trachea that convey air to and from the lungs; also known as bronchial tubes

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15
Q

bronchioles

A

very tiny airway branches that split off of the bronchi

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16
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchial tubes

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17
Q

bronchodilator

A

a drug that relaxes muscle spasms in the bronchial tubes

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18
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

a malignant tumor that originates in the bronchi; also known as lung cancer

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19
Q

bronchoscopy

A

a visual examination inside the bronchi using a scope

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20
Q

bronchospasm

A

sudden, involuntary contractions in the bronchi

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21
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

emergency lifesaving treatment given to someone whose breathing or heartbeat has stopped

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22
Q

carina

A

the ridge that separates the opening of the right and left main bronchi at their junction with the trachea

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23
Q

chest x-ray (CXR)

A

a radiographic image of the lungs and heart; often done with anterior, posterior, and lateral views

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24
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

unusual breathing pattern characterized by periods of apnea (between 10 and 60 seconds), following by gradually increasing respirations

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25
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

disease characterized by a reduced ability of the lungs to perform their function of ventilation

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26
Q

common cold

A

acute (short-term) inflammation of the respiratory mucous membranes; also called nasopharyngitis

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27
Q

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

the use of a machine that delivers mild air pressure to keep the airways open; a common treatment for sleep apnea

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28
Q

croup

A

childhood disease characterized by a “barking” cough and high-pitched breathing

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29
Q

cyanosis

A

condition of bluish tint to the skin due to lack of oxygen circulation to the body tissues

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30
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

inherited disease that affects the respiratory system, pancreas, and sweat glands

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31
Q

decongestant

A

a drug that reduces congestion

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32
Q

diaphragm

A

a dome-shaped structure between the thoracic and abdominal cavities, which contracts to increase thoracic volume and inflates the lungs

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33
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult or painful breathing

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34
Q

emphysema

A

chronic pulmonary disease characterized by an abnormal increase in the size of the alveoli accompanied by loss of elasticity; results in shortness of breath and impaired heart function

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35
Q

empyema

A

pus in the pleural cavity; usually the result of a lung infection

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36
Q

endotracheal (ET) intubation

A

insertion of a breathing tube through the mouth and glottis and into the trachea to open and maintain a clear airway

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37
Q

epiglottis

A

a leaf-like structure of fibrocartilage that closes the opening to the larynx when you swallow food and liquid, and which opens to allow air into the larynx when you breathe

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38
Q

epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

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39
Q

eupnea

A

condition of normal breathing

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40
Q

Eustachian tube

A

a bony and cartilaginous tube that connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx, and which equalizes pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

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41
Q

expectorant

A

a drug that produces thinner mucus

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42
Q

expiration

A

the process of breathing out

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43
Q

external respiration

A

a process that involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the cells of the body

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44
Q

glottis

A

the space between vocal cords

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45
Q

glucocorticoid

A

a drug that suppresses inflammation

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46
Q

hay fever (allergic rhinitis)

A

allergic disease of the mucous membranes in the nose and the upper respiratory passages; caused by exposure to pollen from grass, weeds, flowers, and other allergenic substances

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47
Q

Heimlich maneuver

A

a lifesaving technique in which an obstructed airway is cleared by exerting pressure on the diaphragm

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48
Q

hemothorax

A

bloody fluid in the pleural cavity caused by the rupture of small blood vessels due to inflammation of the lungs

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49
Q

hyperpnea

A

condition of deeper-than-normal breathing

50
Q

hyperventilation

A

condition in which breathing is faster and deeper than normal

51
Q

hypoventilation

A

condition in which breathing is too slow and shallow

52
Q

influenza

A

acute, contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract characterized by sudden onset, fever, chills, headache, myalgia (muscle aches), cough, and sore throat

53
Q

inspiration

A

the process of breathing in

54
Q

internal respiration

A

a process that involves gas exchange at the cellular and tissue levels

55
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

56
Q

laryngopharynx

A

the third section of the pharynx, through which air, food, and liquids pass

57
Q

larynx

A

the organ of voice production, also known as the voice box

58
Q

lungs

A

the main organs of the respiratory system

59
Q

mast cell stabilizer

A

a drug that inhibits the release of histamines, which are chemicals in the body that produce symptoms of allergic reactions

60
Q

mediastinum

A

a cavity that divides the lungs and which contains the trachea, esophagus, heart, superior and inferior vena cavae, and aorta

61
Q

medulla oblongata

A

an area of the brain that acts as a control center that initiates and sustains the breathing process

62
Q

mucolytic

A

a drug that loosens mucus

63
Q

nasal cavity

A

a cavity on either side of the nasal septum that filters, warms, and humidifies inhaled air

64
Q

nasal polyp

A

a tumor with a stem of new growth in the nose or nasal cavity

65
Q

nasopharynx

A

the first section of the pharynx, through which air passes

66
Q

olfactory region

A

the area located on the roof of the nasal cavity, which is connected to the senses of smell and taste

67
Q

oropharynx

A

the second section of the pharynx, through which air, food, and liquids pass

68
Q

orthopnea

A

condition in which breathing becomes easier when the patient is sitting up straight

69
Q

oximetry

A

the use of a noninvasive device, called an oximeter, to measure blood oxygen level

70
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

two air-filled cavities in the bones of the face that are lined by mucous membranes; include the frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses

71
Q

parietal pleura

A

the membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and upper side of the diaphragm

72
Q

perfusionist

A

a healthcare worker who manages the heart-lung machine during operations when a patient’s heart must be stopped; can administer blood products and medications and control the patient’s body temperature

73
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx

74
Q

pharynx

A

the muscular, tubular passage of the digestive and respiratory tracts that extends from the back of the nasal cavity and mouth to the esophagus; also known as the throat

75
Q

pleural cavity

A

the space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura

76
Q

pleural effusion

A

the escape of fluid into the pleural cavity due to excessive fluid buildup in the pleural space

77
Q

pleural fluid

A

the fluid located between the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura, which helps reduce friction

78
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation of the lungs caused by a bacterium, virus, fungus, or chemical irritant

79
Q

pneumothorax

A

a collection of air or gas in the pleural space

80
Q

polysomnography

A

monitoring of a patient during sleep to aid in diagnosing apnea or other sleep disorders; also known as a sleep study

81
Q

postural drainage

A

a treatment used to drain pulmonary secretions after a patient has been placed in a position that uses gravity to promote the drainage (that is, the head lower than the feet)

82
Q

pulmonary angiography

A

an x-ray visualization of arteries and veins using a contrast agent (dye) injected into the patient’s bloodstream

83
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

a traveling blood clot that becomes lodged in a lung

84
Q

pulmonary function test (PFT)

A

a group of tests performed to measure airflow into and out of the lungs; lung volumes; and gas exchange between the lungs and the bloodstream

85
Q

pulmonologist

A

a medical doctor who diagnoses and treats conditions and diseases of the lungs and cardiopulmonary system

86
Q

rales

A

an abnormal crackling sound heard during auscultation of the lungs while the patient is breathing in; usually indicates the presence of fluid or mucus in the airway

87
Q

respiration

A

the process of gas exchange

88
Q

respiratory rate

A

the number of breaths that a person takes in a minute; a type of vital sign used to measure the function of the respiratory system

89
Q

respiratory region

A

the area that is responsible for warming and humidifying the air that travels through it

89
Q

respiratory therapist

A

a healthcare worker who cares for patients suffering from health conditions and diseases that affect their breathing

90
Q

ronchi

A

a coarse rattling or high-pitched snoring sound heard during auscultation of the lungs; usually indicates narrowing of the air passages, such as during asthma or a respiratory infection

91
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinuses caused by a viral or bacterial infection

92
Q

sleep apnea

A

periodic cessation (interruption or stoppage) of breathing during sleep

93
Q

spirometry

A

the measurement of air capacity in the lungs using a device called a spirometer

94
Q

sputum

A

mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract

95
Q

sputum culture and sensitivity

A

a test in which secretions from the lungs are placed in a growth medium, observed for bacterial reproduction, and then tested for antibiotic effectiveness

96
Q

sputum cytology

A

the microscopic examination of lung secretions for the presence of malignant (cancerous) cells

97
Q

sternum

A

the breastbone

98
Q

Strep throat

A

infection of the throat caused by the Streptococcus bacterium; characterized by a red, painful, and purulent (containing pus) throat

99
Q

stridor

A

harsh, high-pitched sound during respiration that indicates an airway obstruction

100
Q

supplemental oxygen therapy

A

additional concentration of oxygen provided by an endotracheal (ET) tube, mask, or nasal cannulae to increase blood oxygen levels

101
Q

sweat test

A

a test that aids in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) by measuring the amount of chloride (sodium) present in sweat

102
Q

tachypnea

A

condition of faster-than-normal breathing

103
Q

thoracentesis

A

a surgical puncture into the chest wall to aspirate (draw out by means of suction) fluid from the pleural sac

104
Q

thoracic cage

A

the rib cage

105
Q

thoracic surgeon

A

a medical doctor who performs surgical procedures on organs in the chest

106
Q

thoracic surgery

A

a branch of medicine dealing with operative procedures that are used to diagnose and treat conditions and diseases of the chest

107
Q

thoracostomy

A

the surgical creation of an opening in the chest to drain air or fluid; also known as a chest tube

108
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils caused by a viral or bacterial inflammation

109
Q

trachea

A

the air tube that extends from the larynx into the thorax and which allows air to travel to and from the lungs

110
Q

tracheostomy

A

the surgical creation of an opening in the trachea to allow a patient to breathe more easily

111
Q

tuberculin (TB) skin test (Mantoux tuberculin test)

A

the injection a tuberculin-purified protein derivative (PPD) under the skin to determine whether or not a person has been exposed to tuberculosis

112
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

a serious communicable (contagious) disease caused by bacterial infection of the lungs, which spread through droplets from coughing and sneezing

113
Q

upper respiratory tract

A

the area that is responsible for the inhalation and humidification of air and for transporting air to the lower respiratory tract; includes the nose, nasal cavities, sinus cavities, pharynx, and larynx

114
Q

ventilation

A

the process by which air moves into and out of the lungs

115
Q

ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan

A

a nuclear medicine diagnostic procedure in which radioactive air is inhaled by the patient and the lungs are observed to determine whether or not they are filling with air

116
Q

ventilator

A

a machine that delivers artificial respiration for a patient who is unable to breathe efficiently on their own

117
Q

vestibular region

A

the area that contains coarse hairs that act as a first line of defense against infection

118
Q

visceral pleura

A

the serous (watery) membrane that encases and protects the lungs

119
Q

vocal cords

A

mucous membrane folds in the larynx that move and produce sound; also known as vocal folds

medical terminology (27 decks)

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