6. Addition Reactions Flashcards
what is an addition reaction
addition of 2 groups across the double bond of an alkene
what is hydrohalogenation
addition of hydrogen and halogen across the double bond of an alkene
what is markovnikovs rule
hydrogen will bind to the carbon that is least substituted (already has a greater # of hydrogens)
what is hydrohalogenation observed for - give examples of compounds
HCl, HI, HBr
what is anti-markovnikovs rule
hydrogen bind to the carbon that is most substituted (fewer hydrogen atoms)
what is an example of anti-markovnikovs rule regarding HBr and what conditions are required
if peroxides (ROOR) are present then HBr will be added in an anti-markovnikovs fashion
describe the 3 steps in the electrophilic addition of H-Br to 2 butene in hydrohalogenation reaction
- alkene removes proton from H-Br
- carbocation and bromide ion are formed
- bromide ion then attacks the carbocation
what is a hydration raection
adding water across double bond of alkene
what is needed to catalyse hydration reactions
Prescence of an acid
what is hydrogenation
addition of molecular hydrogen - H2 - across a double bond
what is needed to catalyse hydrogenation reactions
presence of metal catalysts
what is halogenation
addition of Br2 and Cl2 across an alkene
