Ophthalmology Flashcards
Characteristic of glaucoma?
Arcuate scotoma
This field defect occurs in toxic neuropathy
Centrocaecal scotoma
This scotoma is typical of retinitis pigmentosa
Ring scotoma
This defect is characteristic of diseases affecting the macula
Central scotoma
Visual loss, painless, fundoscopy reveals pale retina and cherry-red spot at the macula
Central retinal artery occlusion
Treatment of herpes zoster opthalmicus
Aciclovir 800mg five times a day for 7 days
Most common cause of blindness in people aged 45-64?
Diabetic retinopathy
Most common cause of irreversible blindness in people aged >65 years in the UK?
Macular degeneration
Keith-Wagener-Barker classification of hypertensive retinopathy?
Grade 1: Arteriolar narrowing
Grade 2: + arteriovenous nipping
Grade 3: + microaneurysms, dot and blot haemorrhages, flame haemorrhages, cotton wool spots and hard exudates
Grade 4: + optic disc swelling
Treatment of cataracts?
Phecoemulsification
Treatment of hypertensive emergency with retinopathy?
IV labetalol (to avoid watershed infarcts in the brain). Aim to reduce BP to 100mmHg diastolic BP or 20-30 mmHg/day
Associated with impaired vision; an ulcer may be found near the visual axis
Keratitis
First line treatment of primary open angle glaucoma?
Latanoprost (prostaglandin analogue)
Myopia
Minus lenses will be needed, the disc may look large and pale; there may be surrounding chorioretinal atrophy, higher risk of retinal detachment/glaucoma/cataracts
Screening for patients over the age of 12 with diabetes?
Annual visual acuity and retinal photography
