Paediatrics

Question 1

What is croup commonly caused by?

Answer 1

Parainfluenza virus

Question 2

Risk factors for SIDS

Answer 2

Winter months, respiratory infection, prone, male. Young maternal age, smoking, high parity

Question 3

6 month old, breathless on feeding, recurrent chest infections, poor weight gain. Pan systolic murmur, loss of second heart sound

Answer 3

Ventricular septal defect

Question 4

5 months, irritability and cyanosis and loss of consciousness. CXR shows right sided arotic arch with oligaemic lung fields

Answer 4

Tetralogy of Fallot: overiding aorta, VSD, infundibular stenosis

Question 5

1 day old, becomes blue and develops heart failure. No murmurs and pulses feel full

Answer 5

Transposition of the great arteries

Question 6

Maximum age of developmental milestones:
a) walking
b) startle to loud sounds
c) sit unsupported

Answer 6

a) 18 months
b) 8 weeks
c) 8 months

Question 7

8 week old baby, increasingly breathless and sweaty, feeding poorly. Continuous machinery murmur. What is the most likely cardiac defect?

Answer 7

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 8

Newborn baby, cyanosed, no murmur and lung fields are oligaemic

Answer 8

Pulmonary atresia

Question 9

3 month old baby, episodes of cyanosis with altered consciousness. Short systolic murmur at the upper left sternal edge. Boot shaped heart on CXR with oligaemic lung fields.

Answer 9

Tetralogy of Fallot: overriding aorta, VSD, right ventricular hypertrophy (boot shaped heart), RVOTO

Question 10

10 year old, just awoken from a nap and experienced twitching of the left side of the mouth. Buzzing sensation in lips, speech is unclear. Symptoms resolve in 2 mins.

Answer 10

Benign Rolandic epilepsy

Question 11

Movement disorders associated with the following:
A) Cerebral palsy
B) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
C) Post-varicella zoster
D) Rheumatic fever

Answer 11

A) Spastic diplegia
B) Proximal lower limb hypotonia
C) Ataxia
D) Chorea