12.4 - Non-specific Animal Defences: Phagocytosis Flashcards
(10 cards)
1
Q
Neutrophils
A
These rapidly engulf and destroy pathogens at the site of infection
2
Q
Macrophages
A
These engulf and digest pathogens but also present the pathogen’s antigens on its cell surface to activate other cells in the immune system
3
Q
1
A
The pathogen releases chemicals that attract a phagocyte
4
Q
2
A
The phagocyte recognises the pathogen’s antigens as non-self. This causes the phagocyte to bind to the pathogen
5
Q
3
A
The phagocyte engulfs the pathogen
6
Q
4
A
The lysosome, containing hydrolytic enzymes called lysozymes, fuses with the phagosome to form a phagolysosome
7
Q
A
8
Q
6
A
The phagocyte presents the pathogen’s antigens on its surface to activate other cells in the immune system. The phagocyte is then referred to as an antigen-presenting cell
9
Q
Cytokines
A
- Chemicals released by phagocytes that engulfed the pathogen
- ## Cell signalling
10
Q
Opsonins
A
- Chemicals (e.g. antibodies) that bind to pathogens to make them easily recognisable by phagocytes
