1.2.4 Types of Programming Language

Question 1

Procedural Programming

Answer 1

Uses a sequence of instructions which are carried out in a step by step manner.

Question 2

Procedural Programming disadvantages

Answer 2

• May be inefficient when trying to solve certain problems.

Question 3

Procedural Programming advantages

Answer 3

• It can be applied to a wide range of problems
• It is easy to write and interpret.

Question 4

Why is assembly language easier to use than machine code?

Answer 4

It uses mnemonics rather than binary

Question 5

Why are the commands that assembly language uses processor specific?

Answer 5

It directly interacts with the CPU’s special registers.

Question 6

Mnemonic: ADD

Answer 6

Add value at given memory address to the value in the accumulator

Question 7

Mnemonic: SUB

Answer 7

Subtract the value at the given memory address from the value in the accumulator

Question 8

Mnemonic: STA

Answer 8

Store the value in the accumulator at the given memory address

Question 9

Mnemonic: LDA

Answer 9

Load the value at the given memory address into the accumulator

Question 10

Mnemonic: INP

Answer 10

Allow the user to input a value which will be held in the accumulator

Question 11

Mnemonic: OUT

Answer 11

Outputs the value currently held in the accumulator

Question 12

Mnemonic: HLT

Answer 12

Stops the program at that line, preventing the rest of the code from executing.

Question 13

Mnemonic: DAT

Answer 13

Creates a flag with a label at which data is stored

Question 14

Mnemonic: BRZ

Answer 14

Branches to a given address if the value in the accumulator is zero. This is a conditional branch.

Question 15

Mnemonic: BRP

Answer 15

Branches to a given address if the value in the accumulator is positive. This is a conditional branch.

Question 16

Mnemonic: BRA

Answer 16

Branches to a given address no matter the value in the accumulator. This is an unconditional branch.

Question 17

What does addressing modes allow for?

Answer 17

A much greater number of locations for data to be stored, as the size of the operand would otherwise constrain the number of addresses that could be accessed.

Question 18

What does the addressing mode do?

Answer 18

Specifies how the operand should be interpreted.

Question 19

What is the addressing mode part of?

Answer 19

The opcode.

Question 20

Immediate Addressing

Answer 20

The operand is the actual value upon which the instruction is to be performed, represented in binary.

Question 21

Direct Addressing

Answer 21

The operand gives the address which holds the value upon which the instruction is to be performed. This is used in LMC.

Question 22

Indirect Addressing

Answer 22

The operand gives the address of a register which holds another address, where the data is located.

Question 23

Indexed Addressing

Answer 23

• An index register is used, which stores a certain value.
• The final address of the data is determined by adding the value in the index register to the operand.

Question 24

Class

Answer 24

A template defining the attributes and methods that can be used to create a type of data known as an object.

Question 25

Object

Answer 25

An instance of a class, with a set of attributes and methods.

Question 26

Setter

Answer 26

A method that sets the value of a particular attribute.

Question 27

Getter

Answer 27

A method which retrieves the value of a given attribute.

Question 28

Why use getters and setters?

Answer 28

To ensure attributes cannot be directly edited and accessed.

Question 29

What does Encapsulation do?

Answer 29

It protects attributes from being directly accessed.

Question 30

How is Encapsulation implemented?

Answer 30

By only allowing class methods to access data in an object's attributes.

Question 31

Constructor

Answer 31

Creates an instance of a class.

Question 32

Inheritance

Answer 32

The concept of subclasses inheriting the methods and attributes of its parent class.

Question 33

Polymorphism

Answer 33

Objects of different classes can use the same method to perform an action.

Question 34

OOP Advantages

Answer 34

- Allows for a high level of reusability - Classes can be used across multiple projects - Encapsulation makes the code more reliable by protecting attributes from being directly accessed. - Modular structure makes it easy to maintain and update

Question 35

OOP Disadvantages

Answer 35

- Different style of programming, and so requires an alternative style of thinking. - OOP is not suited to all types of problems. Where few components are reused, OOP may result in a longer more inefficient program - Generally unsuitable for smaller problems.