1.2.4 Types Of Programming Language

Question 1

Programming paradigms

Answer 1

• are different approaches to using a programming language to solve a problem
• can be imperative or declarative

Question 2

Imperative languages/programming

Answer 2

• uses code that clearly specifies the actions to be performed step by step
• uses statements that change a programs state e.g in the form of sequence selection etc

Question 3

Declarative programming

Answer 3

• states the desired result and the programming language determines best how to obtain the result
• eg. Functional programming

Question 4

Procedural programming/language

Answer 4

• an imperative paradigm
• breaks a solution down into subroutines
• programs are written as a sequence of instructions to be executed
• instructions are excecuted in a step by step manner
• are easy to write and interpret

Question 5

Assembly language

Answer 5

• Low level mnemonic representation of machine code that is computer architecture/processor specific
• uses mnemonics which are abbreviations/ sequences of letters that are easy to remember e.g ADD for addition [1]
• each line in assembly language is equivalent to one line of machine code

Question 6

Modes of addressing

Answer 6

• machine code instructions are made up of an opcode and operand
• addressing mode specifies how the operand should be interpreted

Question 7

Opcode

Answer 7

• is part of the instruction and indicates what to do (as well as the addressing mode)

Question 8

4 modes of addressing

Answer 8

• immediate addressing
• direct addressing
• indirect addressing
• indexed addressing

Question 9

Immediate addressing

Answer 9

• the operand is the actual value upon which the instruction is performed
• the operand is part of the instruction

Question 10

Direct addressing

Answer 10

• the value of the operand is a reference to the address in memory where the required value is located

Question 11

Indirect addressing

Answer 11

• the operand gives the address of a register which holds another address where the data is located

Question 12

Indexed addressing

Answer 12

• an index register is used which stores a certain value.
• The address of where the data is located is determined by adding the operand to the contents of the index register
• used to access data stored contiguously in memory eg. In arrays

Question 13

Why are addressing modes used?

Answer 13

• addressing modes allow for a much greater number of locations for data to be stored in, as the size of the operand would otherwise limit the number of addresses that could be accessed

Question 14

Class

Answer 14

• acts as a blueprint/template for creating objects with specific attributes and methods [1]
• classes provide a way to organise code in a modular way [1]

Question 15

Object

Answer 15

• a particular instance of a class with its own unique values and properties

Question 16

Methods

Answer 16

• are functions associated with objects or classes that define the actions an object can perform

Question 17

Function

Answer 17

• performs a task and must return a single value

Question 18

Procedure

Answer 18

Performs a task but does not have to return a value

Question 19

Constructor method

Answer 19

• a special method within a class that is automatically called when an object of that class is instantiated
• used to create an instance of an object from a class [1]