1.2.4 types of programming language

Question 1

programming paradigms

Answer 1

style of programming (one/multiple paradigm can exist in a language)

-procedural
-declarative
-OOP
-functional

Question 2

procedural

Answer 2

sequence of subroutines/instructions called to achieve the result

how to control the flow:
-sequence
-selection
-iteration
-recursion

Question 3

imperative vs procedural

Answer 3

imperative is under procedural

Question 4

declarative

Answer 4

state the end result wanted
e.g. SQL

Question 5

funtional

Answer 5

reusing a set of functions, like function calls; closely linked to mathematics
e.g. Java

Question 6

assembly language

Answer 6

low level language
-uses mnemonics
-one level up from machine code
-converted to machine code using an assembler

Question 7

LMC

Answer 7

little man computer :
- uses mnemonics
- processor-specific

instructions:
-LDA
-STA
-OUT
-INP
-ADD
-SUB
-BRA
-BRP
-BRZ
-HLT
-DAT

Question 8

modes of addressing

Answer 8

-immediate
-direct
-indirect
-indexed

Question 9

immediate

Answer 9

operand held the value needed to perform the instruction

Question 10

direct

Answer 10

operand gives the address which holds the value

Question 11

indirect

Answer 11

operand gives the address that points to another address that holds the data needed

Question 12

indexed

Answer 12

the sum of the value in operand and indexed register gives the address of the data that is needed

-useful in accessing arrays (and reason for arrays to be stored contiguously in memory location)

Question 13

OOP

Answer 13

object oriented programming
-program consist of objects, each has attributes and methods
-all processing is done by objects

related terms:
-class
-objects
-attributes
-methods

Question 14

classes

Answer 14

-blueprint of an object
-defines attributes and methods that capture the common characteristics and behaviours of objects

Question 15

attributes and methods

Answer 15

attributes: the data
methods: the behaviour of the object

Question 16

polymorphism

Answer 16

• objects can behave differently depending on their class
• overriding: redefine the methods of the parent class to suit itself
• overloading: passing in a different parameter into the method

Question 17

ENCAPSULATION

Answer 17

-attributes and methods wrapped onto a single entity
-attributes are hidden(private) and changed only through method
-methods help get and set attributes; methods are public and accessible

Question 18

inheritance

Answer 18

-relationship among classes where a sub-class shares all of the attributes and methods of a parent class
-inherited class may have methods and attributes that does not exist in parent class

determining the appropriateness of the inheritance:
-is object A an object B?

Question 19

private and public

Answer 19

encapsulation method

private: make sure attributes cannot be directly accessed and edited by users

Question 20

methods to manipulate data in OOP

Answer 20

constructor: create an instance of the object
getter: get the data attribute
setter: set the data attribute
-> to prevent users from accidentally changing the data (security and referential integrity?)