ENT, head and neck Flashcards
what things can cause absence of the red eye reflex?
cataracts
retinoblastoma
what can be done to reduce the risk of pupillary block in patients at risk of angle closure glaucoma?
iridotomy via laser (surgical removal of part of iris)
what is a classic symptom of trochlear nerve palsy?
diplopia when looking down
classical presentation of acute angle glaucoma?
acutely painful red eye, headache, burred vision, decreased visual acuity, fixed slightly dilated pupil
how can herpes cause keratitis?
HSV1 lurks in the ganglion of CNV
treatment for herpes keratitis?
topical antiviral
what does bacterial vs HSV keratitis look like on staining?
bacterial-yellow white spot
HSV-dendritic ulcer
what do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors do?
decrease aqueous humour production
what is an example of a type of drug that’s ototoxic?
loop diuretics eg furosemide
what is otalgia?
ear pain
what is another word for ramsay hunt syndrome?
herpes zoster oticus
what happens in ramsay hunt syndrome?
reactivation of varicella zoster virus in the geniculate ganglion of the CN7, causing ear pain, facial nerve palsy, and vesicular rash around the ear
what is the most common site of the nose for epistaxis to originate from?
littles area in the anterior nasal septum-site of kiesselbach’s plexus which is where 4 arteries join up.
what are the typical symptoms of vitreous haemorrhage?
painless loss of vision
dark floaters
‘red hue’
worse lying flat-causes blood to pool on macula, decreasing central vision
how do you manage a patient with signs and symptoms of scleritis?
urgent same day referral to opthalmology
