Mitosis Nuclear Division

Question 1

what is mitosis

Answer 1

a process that produces new somatic cells for development, growth, and repair

Question 2

what is a nucleosome

Answer 2

bead like structure with DNA wrapped around histones

Question 3

what is the function of histones

Answer 3

to allow DNA to spool around

Question 4

what are nucleotides

Answer 4

the genetic code (sugar, base, phosphate)

Question 5

what is nucleic acid

Answer 5

chain of nucleotides

Question 6

what is DNA

Answer 6

double stranded, double helix with hydrogen bonds between strands

Question 7

what is chromatin

Answer 7

• DNA strands and histones
• strings of beads

Question 8

when are sister chromatids formed

Answer 8

formed prior to mitosis when a double helix is replicated

Question 9

where do two copies of each chromosome come from

Answer 9

one from each parent (diploid)

Question 10

what happens in interphase G1

Answer 10

• cell makes new molecules and enzymes and grows larger

Question 11

what affects the length of G1 phase

Answer 11

can be long or short depending on the type of cell and the health of an organism

Question 12

What happens in interphase S phase

Answer 12

• synthesis of more DNA
• the chromatin are replicated

Question 13

what does the nucleus look like during interphase

Answer 13

the nucleus looks like a dark blob and the individual chromosomes are not visible

Question 14

what happens in interphase G2

Answer 14

• the cell synthesizes more molecules
• duplicates its organelles and grows larger

Question 15

what are the different phases of interphase

Answer 15

• G1 phase
• S phase
• G2

Question 16

what happens during prophase

Answer 16

• DNA condenses and becomes chromosomes
• nuclear membrane dissolves
• centrioles migrate to opposite poles
• spindle fibre forms

Question 17

what happens during metaphase

Answer 17

• spindle fibres attach to centromeres
• chromosomes line up at the midline of the cell

Question 18

what happens during anaphase

Answer 18

• spindle fibers pull apart chromosomes
• one chromatid goes to each centriole (look like V’s)

Question 19

what happens during telophase

Answer 19

• chromatids reach centrioles
• mitosis ends when new nuclear membranes form
• some evidence of cell dividing
• start of the cleavage furrow

Question 20

what happens during cytokinesis

Answer 20

• in animal cell the cleavage furrow causes the cell to split into two new daughter cells
• in plant cells the cell plate forms the new cell wall between the two new daughter cells
• DNA becomes chromatin
• daughter cells enter G1 period of interphase

Question 21

what is a cleavage furrow

Answer 21

the pinching on the cell membrane

Question 22

what is a centriole

Answer 22

cylindrical paired organelles found in animal cells involved in development of spindle fibres

Question 23

what is a centrosome

Answer 23

organelle containing both centrioles

Question 24

what is a centromere

Answer 24

constricted region of chromosome where spindle fibres attach

Question 25

what is a kinetochore

Answer 25

complex of proteins associated with centromere to which spindle fibres attach